‘BIOLOGY’/GENERAL SCIENCE  TET MODEL QUESTIONS -2

📝 TET PRACTICE PAPER –I & II

HABITAT

Q1. We need houses mainly to protect from

a) Heat & cold

b) Rain

c) Dust

d) All of these

 

Q2. People who migrate and arrange tents are called

a) Farmers

b) Circus troupes & beggars

c) Soldiers

d) Builders

 

Q3. Temporary residence during floods & earthquakes is provided through

a) Apartments

b) Relief tents

c) Bungalows

d) Wooden houses

 

Q4. The residence in which one family lives in one flat is called

a) Apartment

b) Mansion

c) Cottage

d) Hut

 

Q5. A house with more than 100 flats is called

a) Villa

b) Apartment

c) Cottage

d) Mansion

 

Q6. Wooden houses are usually found in

a) Earthquake zones

b) Deserts

c) Plains

d) Coastal regions

 

Q7. Houseboats are mainly found in

a) Tamil Nadu & Kerala

b) Kerala & Kashmir

c) Rajasthan & Gujarat

d) Punjab & Haryana

 

Q8. Igloos are found in

a) Hot regions

b) Cold regions

c) Deserts

d) Forests

 

Q9. Igloo is built with

a) Bricks

b) Ice

c) Wood

d) Bamboo

 

Q10. Roof is the … of a house.

a) Top portion

b) Bottom portion

c) Side wall

d) Window

 

Q11. Flat roofs are mostly found in

a) Hills

b) Cities & plains

c) Deserts

d) Forests

 

Q12. Slanting roofs help in

a) Decoration

b) Quick flow of rainwater

c) Growing trees

d) Ventilation

 

Q13. Permanent houses include

a) Tents

b) Thatched huts

c) Apartments & tiled houses

d) None

 

Q14. Temporary houses include

a) Bungalows

b) Apartments

c) Tents & pipes

d) Villas

 

Q15. Which is NOT a type of house?

a) Bungalow

b) Cottage

c) Igloo

d) Bus stop

 

Q16. In cities, apartments are common because

a) Lack of land

b) Too much land

c) For decoration

d) People dislike houses

 

Q17. Mansion means

a) Small hut

b) Very big house

c) Temporary shed

d) Cottage

 

Q18. Slums are examples of

a) Permanent houses

b) Temporary settlements

c) Pucca houses

d) Modern houses

 

Q19. People in deserts live in houses with

a) Thick walls

b) Wooden roofs

c) Ice walls

d) Plastic

 

Q20. People in villages often live in

a) Pucca houses

b) Mud houses

c) Palaces

d) Houseboats

 

Q21. “Clean House is Beautiful House” means

a) Dusty house looks good

b) Arranged house looks neat & healthy

c) Dirty house looks rich

d) None

 

Q22. Dust & garbage should be thrown into

a) Open place

b) Dust bin

c) Roadside

d) Garden

 

Q23. Walls of olden-day houses were coated with

a) Dung & rangoli

b) Tiles

c) Paint

d) Plastic

 

Q24. White wash was done during

a) Festivals

b) Daily

c) Monthly

d) Annually

 

Q25. Mud roofs were constructed using

a) Plastic

b) Sand & lime

c) Cement

d) Tiles

 

Q26. Today most houses are built with

a) Steel, cement & bricks

b) Mud

c) Palm leaves

d) Bamboo only

 

Q27. Flooring in Rajasthan & UP houses is with

a) Cement

b) Marble stones

c) Bamboo

d) Plastic sheets

 

Q28. Ceramic tiles are laid in

a) Roofs

b) Kitchens & bathrooms

c) Walls

d) Gardens

 

Q29. Plaster of Paris is used for

a) Ceilings

b) Doors

c) Flooring

d) Mud walls

 

Q30. Roof gardens mainly help in

a) Increasing electricity bill

b) Growing vegetables & cooling houses

c) Decoration only

d) Weakening roof

 

Q31. Which award is given for clean villages?

a) Nirmal Gram Puraskar

b) Bharat Ratna

c) Padmashri

d) Swachh Vidyalaya

 

Q32. Who said, “Sanitation is more important than independence”?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Nehru

c) Dr. Ambedkar

d) Abdul Kalam

 

Q33. Swachh Bharat Mission was launched in

a) 2012

b) 2014

c) 2015

d) 2016

 

Q34. The logo of Swachh Bharat Mission has

a) Gandhi’s spectacles

b) Ashoka chakra

c) Lotus

d) Peacock

 

Q35. Which is NOT a sanitation measure?

a) Open defecation

b) Using toilets

c) Dustbins

d) Hand washing

 

Q36. Open defecation leads to diseases like

a) Cholera & typhoid

b) Diabetes

c) Obesity

d) Anaemia

 

Q37. Government supports sanitation by giving toilets under

a) SBM

b) PMAY

c) ICDS

d) PMGKY

 

Q38. Reuse means

a) Using repaired items again

b) Throwing items

c) Burning items

d) Wasting items

 

Q39. Recycle means

a) Making new things from waste

b) Using once only

c) Throwing outside

d) Keeping in-house

 

Q40. Rock Garden (Chandigarh) is famous for

a) Recycling waste materials

b) Stone statues only

c) Marble palaces

d) Plastic models

 

Q41. PM Awas Yojana was launched in

a) 2014

b) 2015

c) 2016

d) 2017

 

Q42. The target year for Housing for All under PMAY was

a) 2020

b) 2022

c) 2024

d) 2030

 

Q43. Smart Cities Mission started in

a) 2013

b) 2014

c) 2015

d) 2016

 

Q44. The first Smart City in India is

a) Hyderabad

b) Bhubaneswar

c) Mumbai

d) Delhi

 

Q45. Eco-friendly construction material is

a) Bamboo

b) Plastic

c) Asbestos

d) Thermocol

 

Q46. Energy-efficient roofing is

a) Solar roofs

b) Plastic roofs

c) Glass roofs

d) Iron sheets

 

Q47. Rainwater harvesting is useful for

a) Saving water

b) Burning waste

c) Increasing AC bills

d) None

 

Q48. Homeless people live in

a) Pavements & shelters

b) Mansions

c) Villas

d) Apartments

 

Q49. Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) are for

a) Migrant workers

b) Rich businessmen

c) Tourists

d) NRI

 

Q50. “World Habitat Day” is observed on

a) 1st Monday of October

b) 5th June

c) 15th August

d) 2nd October

 

Q51. Thick stone walls are used in Rajasthan houses to

a) Keep cool in hot weather

b) Look nice

c) Support plants

d) Reduce dust only

 

Q52. Slanting roofs are used in Kashmir because of

a) Snowfall

b) Dust

c) Heat

d) Sandstorms

 

Q53. Kaccha houses are

a) Mud & bamboo houses

b) Brick houses

c) Marble houses

d) Villas

 

Q54. Pucca houses are

a) Built with cement & steel

b) Temporary

c) Straw huts

d) Tents

 

Q55. Temporary houses during floods are

a) Tents

b) Flats

c) Mansions

d) Bungalows

 

Q56. A good house must have

a) Light & ventilation

b) Clean surroundings

c) Safe water

d) All of these

 

Q57. Sanitation campaign in schools is

a) Swachh Vidyalaya

b) Smart School

c) Green School

d) Eco-Club

 

Q58. Which state uses houseboats popularly?

a) Kerala

b) Punjab

c) Rajasthan

d) Gujarat

 

Q59. Which state uses bamboo houses?

a) Nagaland

b) Rajasthan

c) Gujarat

d) Tamil Nadu

 

Q60. Mud walls are constructed using

a) Sand & lime

b) Plastic

c) Steel

d) Cement only

 

Q61. Marble stones used for flooring are from

a) Rajasthan & UP

b) Kerala

c) Bihar

d) Odisha

 

Q62. A roof garden helps in

a) Cooling house

b) Producing vegetables

c) Reducing pollution

d) All of these

 

Q63. Slums are mostly seen in

a) Cities

b) Villages

c) Forests

d) Deserts

 

Q64. Which award was linked to open defecation-free villages?

a) Nirmal Gram Puraskar

b) Bharat Ratna

c) Padma Award

d) Shanti Niketan

 

Q65. The three R’s of waste management are

a) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

b) Read, Recall, Repeat

c) Run, Rest, Relax

d) Reduce, Rebuild, Relocate

 

Q66. Example of Reuse is

a) Using bottles for storage again

b) Burning bottles

c) Throwing bottles

d) None

 

Q67. Example of recycling is

a) Making plastic benches

b) Burning waste

c) Throwing in the dustbin

d) Open dumping

 

Q68. An example of Reduce is

a) Carrying cloth bags

b) Buying more plastic

c) Wasting water

d) Burning waste

 

Q69. Which President promoted the Total Sanitation Campaign?

a) Dr. Abdul Kalam

b) Pranab Mukherjee

c) Rajendra Prasad

d) R. Venkataraman

 

Q70. Homelessness is a problem mainly in

a) Cities & slums

b) Villages only

c) Palaces

d) Mansions

Q71. “Roof garden” is also called

a) Terrace garden

b) Floor garden

c) Balcony garden

d) Window garden

 

Q72. Slanting roofs avoid

a) Water stagnation

b) Dust

c) Heat

d) Pollution

 

Q73. Pucca houses are examples of

a) Permanent houses

b) Temporary houses

c) Slums

d) Huts

 

Q74. Dust should be collected in

a) Dust bins

b) Open areas

c) Streets

d) Rivers

 

Q75. Waste management is linked with

a) Sanitation

b) Pollution

c) Recycle methods

d) All of these

 

Q76. A beautiful house must be

a) Clean, ventilated with light

b) Dirty but colourful

c) Closed

d) Dark

 

Q77. Cement houses replaced

a) Mud houses

b) Bamboo huts

c) Igloos

d) Palaces

 

Q78. Which city is famous for the Rock Garden?

a) Chandigarh

b) Hyderabad

c) Chennai

d) Mumbai

 

Q79. “Green Buildings” are built for

a) Eco-friendly living

b) Decoration

c) Luxurious hotels

d) Palaces

 

Q80. Water harvesting in houses saves

a) Water

b) Electricity

c) Decoration

d) Light

 

Q81. A mansion means

a) Huge house

b) Tent

c) Cottage

d) Hut

 

Q82. Kutcha houses are usually found in

a) Villages

b) Cities

c) Apartments

d) Offices

 

Q83. A tiled roof is common in

a) South India

b) Kashmir

c) Desert areas

d) Igloos

 

Q84. Bamboo roofs are common in

a) North-East India

b) Rajasthan

c) Punjab

d) Haryana

 

Q85. Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan was merged into

a) Swachh Bharat Mission

b) PMAY

c) Smart Cities

d) Digital India

 

Q86. Open defecation affects

a) Health & sanitation

b) Entertainment

c) Economy only

d) Luxury

 

Q87. In which year did the Swachh Bharat Mission start?

a) 2014

b) 2015

c) 2016

d) 2017

 

Q88. Housing shortage in India is mostly among

a) Urban poor

b) Rich

c) Tourists

d) NRIs

 

Q89. Toilets were supported under which scheme?

a) SBM

b) ICDS

c) PMGKY

d) Ayushman Bharat

 

Q90. In Kashmir, houses have

a) Slanting roofs

b) Flat roofs

c) Igloos only

d) Huts

 

Q91. Which is a temporary house?

a) Tent

b) Villa

c) Mansion

d) Apartment

 

Q92. Who expanded the Mid-day Meal in TN in 1982?

a) MGR

b) Kamaraj

c) Annadurai

d) Jayalalitha

 

Q93. Which state started the 2BHK dignity housing scheme?

a) Telangana

b) Tamil Nadu

c) Gujarat

d) Odisha

 

Q94. Thick mud walls keep houses

a) Cool in summer

b) Warm in winter

c) Both a & b

d) None

 

Q95. In deserts, houses have

a) Small windows & thick walls

b) Big glass windows

c) Slanting roofs

d) No roofs

 

Q96. PMAY houses have a subsidy of up to

a) ₹2.67 lakh

b) ₹1 lakh

c) ₹50,000

d) ₹5 lakh

 

Q97. Which city topped the Smart City ranking first?

a) Bhubaneswar

b) Delhi

c) Mumbai

d) Hyderabad

 

Q98. The floor of old houses was coated with

a) Dung & rangoli

b) Cement

c) Plastic

d) Tiles

 

Q99. In which year was World Habitat Day celebrated?

a) 1st Monday of October

b) 5th June

c) 15th August

d) 2nd October

 

Q100. A good house must have

a) Cleanliness, ventilation, plants, free air

b) Dark rooms

c) Dust everywhere

d) Closed walls

 Food + Midday Meals

Q1. We get food from
a) Plants and animals
b) Soil and air
c) Only plants
d) Only animals
✅ Answer: (a) Plants and animals

Q2. The process of taking food for body functions is called
a) Digestion
b) Nutrition
c) Photosynthesis
d) Preservation
✅ Answer: (b) Nutrition

Q3. Animals that eat only plants are
a) Carnivores
b) Omnivores
c) Herbivores
d) Decomposers
✅ Answer: (c) Herbivores

Q4. Tiger and vulture are examples of
a) Omnivores
b) Herbivores
c) Carnivores
d) Decomposers
✅ Answer: (c) Carnivores

Q5. Humans and crows are
a) Herbivores
b) Omnivores
c) Carnivores
d) Decomposers
✅ Answer: (b) Omnivores

Q6. Snails and earthworms are
a) Omnivores
b) Decomposers
c) Herbivores
d) Carnivores
✅ Answer: (b) Decomposers

Q7. World Food Day is observed on
a) 2nd Oct
b) 16th Oct
c) 14th Nov
d) 15th Aug
✅ Answer: (b) 16th October

Q8. Midday Meals first started in India in
a) Kerala
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Andhra Pradesh
d) Delhi
✅ Answer: (b) Tamil Nadu

Q9. Who started Midday Meals in Tamil Nadu?
a) Annadurai
b) K. Kamaraj
c) M.G. Ramachandran
d) Jayalalitha
✅ Answer: (b) K. Kamaraj

Q10. Who expanded Midday Meals in Tamil Nadu in 1982?
a) K. Kamaraj
b) Annadurai
c) M.G. Ramachandran
d) Jayalalitha
✅ Answer: (c) M.G. Ramachandran

Q11. Nationwide Midday Meals started on
a) 26th Jan 1995
b) 15th Aug 1995
c) 14th Nov 1996
d) 1st Jan 1990
✅ Answer: (b) 15th Aug 1995

Q12. Supreme Court made cooked meals compulsory in schools in
a) 1998
b) 2001
c) 2005
d) 2010
✅ Answer: (b) 2001

Q13. Midday Meals are provided for classes
a) 1–5
b) 1–8
c) 6–10
d) Inter colleges
✅ Answer: (b) 1–8

Q14. Eating food with dirty hands may cause
✅ (b) Food poisoning

Q15. Repeatedly heated oil causes
✅ (b) Cancer

Q16. Eating too much fat and oil leads to
✅ (a) Obesity

Q17. Obesity may cause
✅ (a) Diabetes, Heart attack

Q18. Pickles and jams are preserved by
✅ (b) Salt, sugar, and oil

Q19. Vegetables and fish preserved by
✅ (c) Sun drying

Q20. Poor man’s fridge is called
✅ (b) Janata fridge

Q21. The best electricity-saving fridge is
✅ (d) 5-star

Q22. Substances that give energy to the body are
✅ (b) Nutrients

Q23. Nutrients are classified into
✅ (b) 2 types

Q24. Macronutrients are
✅ (b) Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats

Q25. Micronutrients are
✅ (b) Vitamins, Minerals

Q26. Biocatalysts helping digestion are
✅ (b) Enzymes

Q27. Carbohydrates and fats are
✅ (a) Energy foods

Q28. Pulses, milk, eggs are
✅ (b) Body-building foods

Q29. Fruits and vegetables are
✅ (a) Protective foods

Q30. Lack of protein causes
✅ (b) Kwashiorkor

Q31. Symptoms of Kwashiorkor are
✅ (b) Swollen legs, Fluffy face

Q32. Lack of protein + calorie causes
✅ (a) Marasmus

Q33. Symptoms of Marasmus
✅ (a) Lean body, Dry skin

Q34. Excess fat in diet leads to
✅ (b) Obesity

Q35. Balanced diet contains
✅ (b) All nutrients

Q36. Vitamin C deficiency disease is
✅ (b) Scurvy

Q37. Vitamin D deficiency is
✅ (a) Rickets

Q38. Vitamin A deficiency disease is
✅ (b) Night blindness

Q39. Vitamin B1 deficiency causes
✅ (b) Beri-Beri

Q40. Iron deficiency leads to
✅ (b) Anaemia

Q41. Iodine deficiency disease is
✅ (a) Goitre

Q42. Rice, wheat, and maize are rich in
✅ (a) Carbohydrates

Q43. Pulses are rich in
✅ (a) Proteins

Q44. Oils and butter are rich in
✅ (a) Fats

Q45. Fruits and vegetables are rich in
✅ (b) Vitamins and Minerals

Q46. Fermented food examples are
✅ (a) Idli, Dosa

Q47. Deep fried food example
✅ (b) Poori

Q48. Boiled food example
✅ (b) Eggs, Potatoes

Q49. Roasted food example
✅ (b) Chicken, Dosa

Q50. Protective foods are
✅ (b) Fruits, Vegetables, Milk

Q51. Macronutrients are
✅ (b) Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats

Q52. Micronutrients are
✅ (b) Vitamins, Minerals

Q53. Meal’s main objective is
✅ (a) Improve enrolment and nutrition

Q54. The world’s largest school feeding programme is
✅ (b) Midday Meal Scheme

Q55. Midday Meals implemented under
✅ (a) NP-NSPE

Q56. MDM started nationwide in the year
✅ (a) 1995

Q57. The Supreme Court order on cooked meals was in
✅ (b) 2001

Q58. Obesity is mainly caused by
✅ (a) Excess fats

Q59. Kwashiorkor is caused by a deficiency of
✅ (a) Proteins

Q60. Marasmus caused by a deficiency of
✅ (a) Protein + calories

61. Food is obtained from Plants & Animals.

62. Nutrition means taking food for body functions.

63. World Food Day – 16th October.

64. Midday Meals first in Tamil Nadu (1962).

65. Nationwide MDM from 15th Aug 1995.

66. SC made cooked meals compulsory in 2001.

67. MDM covers Classes 1–8.

68. Pickles preserved by Salt, Oil, Sugar.

69. Vegetables & fish preserved by Sun drying.

70. Janata fridge = Poor man’s fridge.

71. Nutrients are of 2 types.

72. Macronutrients → Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats.

73. Micronutrients → Vitamins, Minerals.

74. Enzymes are Biocatalysts.

75. Carbohydrates & fats → Energy foods.

76. Proteins → Body-building foods.

77. Vitamins & minerals → Protective foods.

78. Protein deficiency → Kwashiorkor.

79. Protein + calorie deficiency → Marasmus.

80. Excess fat → Obesity.

 

Q81.
A: Midday Meals improve attendance.
R: Children get free food.
✅ Both true, R explains A.

Q82.
A: Vitamins are needed in small amounts.
R: They protect from diseases.
✅ Both true, R explains A.

Q83.
A: Marasmus from excess fat.
R: It causes obesity.
✅ Both false.

Q84.
A: Kwashiorkor from protein deficiency.
R: Causes swollen legs.
✅ Both true, R explains A.

Q85.
A: Obesity from excess carbs.
R: Leads to diabetes.
✅ A false, R true.

Q86.
A: Midday Meals first in AP.
R: SC order in 2001.
✅ A false, R true.

Q87.
A: Carbs give energy.
R: Rice & wheat are rich in carbs.
✅ Both true, R explains A.

Q88.
A: Milk is the only energy food.
R: Not useful for growth.
✅ Both false.

Q89.
A: Fruits & vegetables are protective.
R: Rich in vitamins & minerals.
✅ Both true, R explains A.

Q90.
A: Eating with dirty hands is safe.
R: Germs don’t enter the body.
✅ Both false.

 

91. Herbivores → Cow, Goat

92. Carnivores → Tiger, Vulture

93. Omnivores → Human, Crow

94. Decomposers → Snail, Earthworm

95. Macronutrients → Carbs, Proteins, Fats

96. Micronutrients → Vitamins, Minerals

97. Kwashiorkor → Protein deficiency

98. Marasmus → Protein + Calorie deficiency

99. Obesity → Excess fat intake

100. Midday Meals → National start 1995

 Natural Resources.

1. Management of natural resources is mainly for:
a) Exploitation
b) Conservation & restoration ✅
c) Wastage
d) Pollution
👉 To protect and restore resources for the future.

2. Resources are usually:
a) Global only
b) Local specific ✅
c) Infinite
d) Man-made only
👉 Resources like water, forests are location-specific.

3. Who should have control over local resources?
a) Outsiders
b) Local people ✅
c) Foreign agencies
d) None
👉 Local people use and protect them better.

4. To reduce environmental pressure, people should:
a) Exploit resources
b) Reuse resources ✅
c) Waste resources
d) Use more coal
👉 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle to protect the environment.

5. Fossil fuels must be used carefully because:
a) They are unlimited
b) They cause greenery
c) They will be exhausted ✅
d) They are renewable
👉 Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are nonrenewable.

6. Which is a fossil fuel?
a) Solar energy
b) Coal ✅
c) Wind
d) Water
👉 Coal formed from ancient plants, non-renewable.

7. Petroleum is a:
a) Renewable resource
b) Non-renewable resource ✅
c) Unlimited resource
d) Inexhaustible resource
👉 Petroleum reserves are limited.

8. Which one is NOT a natural resource?
a) Air
b) Soil
c) Plastic ✅
d) Water
👉 Plastic is artificial, not natural.

9. Renewable resources are those which:
a) Cannot be replaced
b) Are unlimited
c) Can be replaced after use ✅
d) Are non-renewable
👉 Example: solar, wind, water.

10. An example of a renewable resource is:
a) Diesel
b) Petroleum
c) Solar energy ✅
d) Coal
👉 Solar is endless and renewable.

11. Example of a non-renewable resource is:
a) Water
b) Air
c) Petroleum ✅
d) Forest
👉 Petroleum cannot be renewed quickly.

12. Conservation of resources means:
a) Careful use ✅
b) Wastage
c) Ignoring them
d) Overuse
👉 Conservation ensures long-term use.

13. Natural resources include:
a) Plastic & nylon
b) Air, water, soil ✅
c) Machines & tools
d) Rubber & polythene
👉 Basic elements of Earth are natural resources.

14. Recycling resources is important because it:
a) Increases waste
b) Saves resources ✅
c) Wastes energy
d) Creates pollution
👉 Recycling conserves energy & raw materials.

15. Future availability of resources can be ensured through:
a) Negligence
b) Overuse
c) Conservation ✅
d) Exploitation
👉 Conservation secures resources for future generations.

16. Which renewable energy source is promoted in Telangana for reducing coal use?
a) Wind energy
b) Solar energy ✅
c) Diesel
d) Biomass
👉 Telangana invests heavily in solar power parks.

17. Which international agreement focuses on reducing carbon emissions?
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Paris Agreement ✅
c) Montreal Protocol
d) Stockholm Declaration
👉 The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to control global warming.

18. Which practice in Hyderabad helps recharge groundwater?
a) Deforestation
b) Rainwater harvesting ✅
c) Open dumping
d) Borewell drilling
👉 Rainwater harvesting structures are made compulsory in new buildings.

19. Which of these is a renewable fuel option promoted in India recently?
a) Petrol
b) Bio-ethanol ✅
c) Coal
d) Diesel
👉 Ethanol blending in petrol reduces fossil fuel dependency.

20. Which state in India is famous for large mangrove forests?
a) Rajasthan
b) West Bengal ✅
c) Punjab
d) Haryana
👉 Sundarbans protect the coast & act as a natural resource.

21. Plastic ban in many Indian states mainly helps in:
a) Air pollution
b) Water conservation ✅
c) Noise pollution
d) Metal mining
👉 Reduces choking of water bodies & saves aquatic life.

22. Which mission of the Government of India promotes the conservation of water resources?
a) Jal Jeevan Mission ✅
b) Green India Mission
c) National Solar Mission
d) Digital India Mission
👉 Jal Jeevan Mission aims at safe water supply.

23. Which of the following is an example of sustainable use of resources?
a) Cutting all trees in a forest
b) Controlled logging with replantation ✅
c) Overfishing
d) Burning fossil fuels
👉 Sustainable = use + regeneration.

24. Which Indian festival causes temporary pressure on natural resources like lakes?
a) Diwali
b) Ganesh Chaturthi ✅
c) Holi
d) Eid
👉 Plaster idols pollute water; clay idols are eco-friendly.

25. Which of the following is India’s largest renewable energy sector today?
a) Hydropower
b) Solar ✅
c) Wind
d) Biomass
👉 India is one of the world’s largest solar producers.

 Pollution

1) Any harmful change in the environment is called:

a) Adaptation
b) Pollution ✅
c) Conservation
d) Balance

2) Substances disturbing the natural balance of the environment are:

a) Nutrients
b) Pollutants ✅
c) Minerals
d) Vitamins

3) Which is a primary air pollutant?

a) Smoke from factories ✅
b) Acid rain
c) Ozone
d) Formaldehyde

4) Which is a secondary air pollutant?

a) Dust
b) Acid rain ✅
c) Smoke
d) Ash

5) Automobiles mainly release:

a) Oxygen
b) CO, NO₂, hydrocarbons ✅
c) Chlorophyll
d) Nitrogen only

6) Which pollutant from refrigerators destroys the ozone layer?

a) CO₂
b) CFCs ✅
c) SO₂
d) Ozone

7) Which pollutant is linked with acid rain?

a) O₂ and CO₂
b) SO₂ and NO₂ ✅
c) CFCs
d) Methane

8) Which natural source adds pollutants to the air?

a) Factory smoke
b) Volcano eruption ✅
c) Plastic burning
d) Automobiles

9) Burning of coal releases:

a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide & SO₂ ✅
c) Hydrogen
d) Nitrogen

10) Which pollutant is dangerous for asthma patients?

a) Oxygen
b) PM 2.5 ✅
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen

11) Which gas is the main cause of global warming?

a) O₂
b) CO₂ ✅
c) H₂
d) He

12) In India, stubble burning causes winter smog in:

a) Chennai
b) Delhi ✅
c) Bengaluru
d) Hyderabad

13) Which city implements the Odd-Even scheme to reduce vehicle emissions?

a) Mumbai
b) Delhi ✅
c) Kolkata
d) Hyderabad

14) Which organisation monitors air quality in India?

a) ICAR
b) CPCB ✅
c) UNESCO
d) FAO

15) Which pollutant from air conditioners affects the ozone layer?

a) SO₂
b) CFCs ✅
c) CO
d) Methane

16) Which Indian city often tops world pollution rankings?

a) Delhi ✅
b) Chennai
c) Kochi
d) Pune

17) India pledged Net Zero Emissions by which year?

a) 2030
b) 2050
c) 2070 ✅
d) 2100

18) Which fuel option is eco-friendly for vehicles?

a) Diesel
b) CNG ✅
c) Coal
d) Kerosene

19) Which international agreement aims to control climate change?

a) Montreal Protocol
b) Paris Agreement (2015) ✅
c) Rio Summit
d) Basel Convention

20) World Environment Day is observed on:

a) April 22
b) June 5 ✅
c) March 22
d) December 1

21) AQI stands for:

a) Air Quality Index ✅
b) Air Quantity Indicator
c) Air Quality Information
d) None

22) Which is the most common greenhouse gas in India’s agriculture?

a) Ozone
b) Methane ✅
c) Hydrogen
d) Nitrogen
👉 Released from paddy fields & cattle.

23) Which metal pollution is caused by battery waste?

a) Iron
b) Lead ✅
c) Zinc
d) Copper

24) Noise pollution is measured in:

a) Joules
b) Decibels (dB) ✅
c) Hertz
d) Newtons

25) Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984) was caused by:

a) Ammonia
b) Methyl Isocyanate ✅
c) Chlorine
d) Methane

26) Which scheme promotes clean cooking fuel in India?

a) PM Ujjwala Yojana ✅
b) PM Kisan
c) Jal Jeevan Mission
d) Swachh Bharat

27) Which river in India is most affected by industrial pollution?

a) Ganga ✅
b) Krishna
c) Godavari
d) Kaveri

28) Which mission launched to control plastic pollution?

a) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ✅
b) Beti Bachao
c) Make in India
d) Skill India

29) Which type of pollution causes ozone layer depletion?

a) Land pollution
b) Air pollution ✅
c) Water pollution
d) Noise pollution

30) Minamata disease in Japan was caused by:

a) Mercury poisoning ✅
b) Lead poisoning
c) Arsenic
d) Cadmium

31) Which gas is called the “silent killer” in households?

a) Oxygen
b) Carbon monoxide (CO) ✅
c) CO₂
d) SO₂

32) Which is a biodegradable pollutant?

a) Plastic
b) Sewage ✅
c) Polythene
d) Glass

33) India’s National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) aims to reduce PM pollution by:

a) 10%
b) 20–30% ✅
c) 40%
d) 50%

34) Which Indian festival is linked with a temporary spike in air pollution?

a) Sankranthi
b) Diwali ✅
c) Holi
d) Ugadi

35) Which international day is celebrated on Sept 16 for environmental protection?

a) World Water Day
b) International Ozone Day ✅
c) World Wildlife Day
d) Earth Hour

 

Water – Importance, Scarcity & Pollution

1. Water suitable for drinking is called:
a) Hard water
b) Soft water
c) Potable water ✅
d) Polluted water
👉 Explanation: Potable = safe for drinking, free from contaminants.

2. River Musi flows through which city?
a) Warangal
b) Hyderabad ✅
c) Khammam
d) Karimnagar
👉 Explanation: Musi River is historically important but highly polluted in Hyderabad.

3. Water scarcity occurs mainly in:
a) Winter
b) Summer ✅
c) Rainy season
d) Spring
👉 Explanation: Wells, ponds dry up in summer → scarcity.

4. Which of the following is a definite source of water pollution?
a) Rainwater
b) Septic tanks ✅
c) Fertilizer runoff
d) Insecticide wash
👉 Explanation: Discharge from one identifiable point = definite source.

5. Non-definite sources of water pollution are:
a) Sewage treatment plants
b) Septic tanks
c) Agricultural runoff ✅
d) Industrial pipeline
👉 Explanation: Many small diffused sources like fertilizers, pesticides.

6. Which disease is caused by fluorine in groundwater?
a) Malaria
b) Fluorosis ✅
c) Cholera
d) Jaundice
👉 Explanation: Excess fluoride → weak bones & teeth (fluorosis).

7. Polluted water causes:
a) Jaundice
b) Cholera
c) Vomiting, loose motions
d) All of these ✅
👉 Explanation: Water-borne diseases spread by unclean water.

8. Which action plan was launched to clean rivers in India?
a) Save River Plan
b) River Valley Plan
c) Ganga Action Plan ✅
d) Jal Jeevan Mission
👉 Explanation: GAP was started to reduce river pollution.

9. Which activity is included in Musi River Action Plan?
a) Solid waste management ✅
b) Railway construction
c) Canal digging
d) Dam construction
👉 Explanation: Pollution control includes waste management, sewage treatment.

10. Water can naturally renew itself by:
a) Dilution ✅
b) Combustion
c) Burning
d) Evaporation only
👉 Explanation: Pollutants settle/dilute → self-cleansing ability.

11. Example of waterborne disease:
a) Fluorosis
b) Malaria
c) Cholera ✅
d) Asthma
👉 Explanation: Cholera spreads through polluted water.

12. Which gas increases in water due to sewage?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide ✅
c) Nitrogen
d) Helium
👉 Explanation: Organic waste decomposition produces CO₂.

13. Which is NOT a measure of water pollution control?
a) Planting trees
b) Biogas plant for garbage
c) Dumping sewage in rivers ✅
d) Avoiding detergents
👉 Explanation: Sewage must not be directly dumped.

14. Which of the following is a biodegradable waste?
a) Plastic
b) Vegetable peels ✅
c) Glass
d) Polythene bags
👉 Explanation: Biodegradable = decomposes naturally.

15. What is the main reason for water scarcity in bore wells?
a) Lack of electricity
b) Excessive pumping ✅
c) More rainfall
d) Fertilizers
👉 Explanation: Over-extraction reduces groundwater.

16. Which mission of the Government of India focuses on clean drinking water to households?
a) Jal Jeevan Mission ✅
b) Jal Kranti Mission
c) Namami Gange
d) Neeru–Meeru
👉 Explanation: Jal Jeevan Mission (2019) provides tap water supply.

17. Microplastics found in rivers affect:
a) Only animals
b) Only humans
c) Both humans & aquatic life ✅
d) Only plants
👉 Explanation: Microplastics enter the food chain → harmful to all.

18. Which UN goal focuses on Clean Water & Sanitation?
a) SDG-5
b) SDG-6 ✅
c) SDG-7
d) SDG-11
👉 Explanation: Sustainable Development Goal 6.

19. Which city in India is often in the news for water scarcity?
a) Chennai ✅
b) Kolkata
c) Delhi
d) Bhopal
👉 Explanation: Chennai faced “Day Zero” in 2019.

20. Recent Telangana Mission for water conservation:
a) Mission Kakatiya ✅
b) Mission Bhagiratha
c) Haritha Haram
d) Jal Yojana
👉 Explanation: Mission Kakatiya restores tanks & lakes.

21. Excess use of fertilizers in agriculture causes:
a) Eutrophication ✅
b) Evaporation
c) Combustion
d) Sedimentation
👉 Explanation: Nutrient-rich water → algal bloom → oxygen depletion.

22. Example of non-renewable water resource:
a) Rainwater
b) Fossil groundwater ✅
c) Lakes
d) Streams
👉 Explanation: Ancient deep aquifers cannot be replenished easily.

23. Which chemical from detergents causes water pollution?
a) Nitrates
b) Phosphates ✅
c) Sulphur
d) Calcium
👉 Explanation: Phosphates → algal bloom.

24. Which initiative is linked to “Clean Ganga”?
a) Namami Gange ✅
b) Jal Shakti Abhiyan
c) River Musi Action Plan
d) Swachh Bharat
👉 Explanation: Namami Gange is flagship Ganga cleaning programme.

25. Which recent Telangana lake rejuvenation project was taken up?
a) Hussain Sagar Cleaning ✅
b) Dal Lake cleaning
c) Loktak revival
d) Chilika project
👉 Explanation: Hussain Sagar lake restoration for Hyderabad environment.

 

🌱   Soil our Life.

1. The uppermost layer of Earth’s crust is called:
a) Bedrock
b) Soil ✅
c) Core
d) Mantle
👉 Soil is the thin surface layer rich in minerals and organic matter.

2. A process of disintegration and decomposition of rocks and minerals over a period of time is:
a) Weathering ✅
b) Percolation
c) Erosion
d) Retention
👉 Weathering forms soil from rocks.

3. Weathering of rocks by the action of soil organisms is:
a) Chemical weathering
b) Physical weathering
c) Biological weathering ✅
d) Mechanical weathering
👉 Microorganisms, roots, lichens break down rocks.

4. Soil is composed of:
a) Broken pieces of rocks
b) Finer particles of clay
c) Dead plants & animals remains
d) All the above ✅
👉 Soil is a mixture of minerals + humus.

5. Number of years required for thick fertile soil formation:
a) 100 years
b) 10 years
c) Thousands of years ✅
d) 1 year
👉 Soil formation is a very slow process.

6. Soil rich in humus and organic matter is called:
a) Clayey
b) Sandy
c) Loamy ✅
d) Alluvial
👉 Loamy soil is ideal for agriculture.

7. Which soil has large air gaps between particles?
a) Sandy ✅
b) Clayey
c) Loamy
d) Humus
👉 Sandy soil is porous and drains quickly.

8. Which soil type retains maximum water?
a) Sandy
b) Clayey ✅
c) Loamy
d) Rocky
👉 Clayey soil has very fine particles that hold water.

9. Horizons in soil are formed due to:
a) Crop rotation
b) Percolation ✅
c) Irrigation
d) Wind
👉 Water movement forms layers (O, A, B, C horizons).

10. The layer rich in organic matter in soil profile is:
a) Horizon A ✅
b) Horizon B
c) Horizon C
d) Bedrock
👉 Horizon A (topsoil) has humus and roots.

11. Which weathering process involves oxidation of minerals?
a) Physical
b) Chemical ✅
c) Biological
d) Thermal
👉 Rusting of iron in rocks is chemical weathering.

12. Roots of plants growing in cracks of rocks cause:
a) Physical weathering
b) Biological weathering ✅
c) Chemical weathering
d) Erosion
👉 Roots exert pressure and split rocks.

13. Which agent causes Grand Canyon formation?
a) Wind
b) Water ✅
c) Glacier
d) Earthquake
👉 Colorado river water weathering carved the canyon.

14. Soil erosion is caused by:
a) Wind
b) Water
c) Human activities
d) All the above ✅
👉 Deforestation, overgrazing, rain, wind erode soil.

15. Crop rotation improves soil fertility because:
a) Same crop is grown
b) Soil is left barren
c) Different crops replenish nutrients ✅
d) None
👉 Legumes fix nitrogen and restore fertility.

16. Which practice is promoted under sustainable agriculture?
a) Excessive chemical fertilizers
b) Monocropping
c) Organic farming ✅
d) Overgrazing
👉 Organic farming maintains soil fertility.

17. Which soil type is best for cotton cultivation in Telangana?
a) Red soil
b) Black soil ✅
c) Alluvial soil
d) Sandy soil
👉 Black soil retains moisture, suitable for cotton.

18. Which gas is released from soil when organic matter decomposes?
a) CO₂ ✅
b) O₂
c) H₂
d) N₂
👉 Microorganisms release carbon dioxide.

19. Which international day is observed on December 5th?
a) World Soil Day ✅
b) World Earth Day
c) World Environment Day
d) World Water Day
👉 UN declared Dec 5 as Soil Day.

20. Which mission in India promotes soil health cards to farmers?
a) Jal Jeevan Mission
b) Soil Health Mission ✅
c) Green India Mission
d) PM Awas Yojana
👉 Farmers get soil reports to improve crop yield.

21. Which soil horizon is called subsoil?
a) A
b) B ✅
c) C
d) O
👉 Horizon B stores minerals leached from topsoil.

22. Acid rain mainly damages soil fertility due to:
a) Nitrogen loss
b) Leaching of nutrients ✅
c) Excess humus
d) Increase in microbes
👉 Acids wash away calcium, potassium, and magnesium.

23. Which modern technology helps conserve soil moisture?
a) Drip irrigation ✅
b) Flood irrigation
c) Sprinkler irrigation
d) None
👉 Drip prevents waterlogging & erosion.

24. Which Indian state is famous for laterite soil?
a) Kerala ✅
b) Punjab
c) Rajasthan
d) Bihar
👉 Laterite soil is rich in iron, found in Kerala, Karnataka.

25. Contour ploughing prevents:
a) Weathering
b) Soil erosion ✅
c) Leaching
d) Percolation
👉 It reduces runoff water flow on the slope

26. What is the role of earthworms in soil?
a) Increase aeration ✅
b) Reduce fertility
c) Cause erosion
d) Reduce humus
👉 Earthworms are called “farmer’s friends.”

27. Which soil is ideal for rice cultivation?
a) Sandy
b) Clayey ✅
c) Loamy
d) Desert soil
👉 Clayey soil holds water, suitable for paddy.

28. The reddish colour of red soil is due to:
a) Potassium
b) Iron oxides ✅
c) Humus
d) Calcium
👉 Ferric oxide gives a red colour.

29. Which is NOT a renewable resource related to soil?
a) Fertility loss
b) Soil moisture
c) Fossil fuels ✅
d) Humus
👉 Fossil fuels are non-renewable.

30. Which process replenishes soil nitrogen naturally?
a) Acid rain
b) Nitrogen fixation ✅
c) Deforestation
d) Leaching
👉 Bacteria fix nitrogen from the atmosphere.

31. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers causes:
a) Soil fertility increases
b) Soil acidification ✅
c) Soil humus increases
d) Water conservation
👉 Overuse decreases fertility long term.

32. Which sustainable goal of UN relates directly to soil?
a) SDG-13 (Climate Action)
b) SDG-15 (Life on Land) ✅
c) SDG-5 (Gender Equality)
d) SDG-10 (Inequality)
👉 SDG-15 focuses on land & soil conservation.

33. Which satellite helps in soil moisture mapping in India?
a) INSAT-3D
b) SMAP ✅
c) Mangalyaan
d) Cartosat
👉 NASA’s SMAP mission maps global soil moisture.

34. In Telangana, which soil is most common?
a) Alluvial
b) Red soil ✅
c) Desert
d) Laterite
👉 The Deccan Plateau region has red soil.

35. Which crop is highly dependent on loamy soil?
a) Wheat ✅
b) Cotton
c) Coconut
d) Jowar
👉 Wheat grows best in loamy soil.

36. Which practice reduces soil erosion in drylands?
a) Mulching ✅
b) Flood irrigation
c) Burning residues
d) Deforestation
👉 Mulching conserves moisture and prevents erosion.

37. Desertification of soil is mainly caused by:
a) Afforestation
b) Overgrazing ✅
c) Crop rotation
d) Humus increases
👉 Overgrazing removes vegetation cover.

38. Which is an indicator of soil fertility?
a) Humus content ✅
b) Sand content
c) Rock particles
d) Wind erosion
👉 More humus = more fertile soil.

39. Which type of soil erosion is common in the Chambal valley?
a) Wind
b) Gully erosion ✅
c) Sheet erosion
d) Rill erosion
👉 Chambal ravines are examples of gully erosion.

40. Which central government scheme promotes soil testing labs?
a) National Soil Health Mission ✅
b) Green India Mission
c) Jal Jeevan Mission
d) AMRUT
👉 SHM provides soil testing and soil health cards.

🐾  Animal Tissues

1. The basic structural and functional unit of nervous tissue is:
a) Axon
b) Neuron ✅
c) Dendrite
d) Synapse
👉 Neuron conducts impulses and coordinates functions.

2. Which connective tissue connects muscles to bones?
a) Ligaments
b) Tendons ✅
c) Cartilage
d) Areolar tissue
👉 Tendons are strong and inelastic cords connecting muscles to bones.

3. Ligaments connect:
a) Bone to bone ✅
b) Muscle to bone
c) Muscle to muscle
d) Nerve to bone
👉 Ligaments are elastic and join bones at joints.

4. Cartilage is found in:
a) Skin
b) Tip of nose and ear pinna ✅
c) Tendons
d) Ligaments
👉 Cartilage provides support and flexibility.

5. Which connective tissue transports materials?
a) Cartilage
b) Blood ✅
c) Bone
d) Areolar
👉 Blood transports gases, nutrients, hormones and waste.

6. Which muscle tissue is involuntary and non-striated?
a) Skeletal
b) Smooth ✅
c) Cardiac
d) Voluntary
👉 Smooth muscles are involuntary, spindle-shaped and non-striated.

7. Which muscle tissue is striated and voluntary?
a) Skeletal ✅
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac
d) Involuntary
👉 Skeletal muscles help in voluntary body movements.

8. Which muscle tissue is striated, branched and involuntary?
a) Skeletal
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac ✅
d) None
👉 Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart.

9. Which connective tissue stores fat?
a) Cartilage
b) Bone
c) Adipose ✅
d) Ligaments
👉 Adipose tissue stores fat, insulates the body, and cushions organs.

10. Which epithelial tissue allows diffusion of gases in the lungs?
a) Cuboidal
b) Columnar
c) Squamous ✅
d) Ciliated
👉 Squamous epithelium is thin, allowing exchange in alveoli.

11. Which epithelial tissue is cube-shaped?
a) Squamous
b) Columnar
c) Cuboidal ✅
d) Ciliated
👉 Cuboidal epithelium is found in kidney tubules and glands.

12. Columnar epithelium is mainly meant for:
a) Protection
b) Absorption and secretion ✅
c) Insulation
d) Transport
👉 Columnar cells absorb nutrients and secrete enzymes.

13. Ciliated epithelium is found in:
a) Alveoli
b) Trachea ✅
c) Kidney tubules
d) Skin
👉 Cilia move dust and mucus in the respiratory tract.

14. Stratified squamous epithelium is found in:
a) Kidney
b) Skin ✅
c) Lungs
d) Intestine
👉 Stratified layers protect skin from mechanical injury.

15. Bone is rich in:
a) Calcium salts ✅
b) Lipids
c) Carbohydrates
d) Nitrogen
👉 Calcium phosphate makes bone hard.

16. Which connective tissue joins bones at joints?
a) Ligaments ✅
b) Tendons
c) Cartilage
d) Areolar
👉 Ligaments are elastic and allow movement at joints.

17. Which connective tissue provides cushioning under the skin?
a) Cartilage
b) Bone
c) Adipose ✅
d) Ligaments
👉 Adipose tissue cushions body organs.

18. Which connective tissue forms the framework of the ear pinna?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone
c) Areolar
d) Adipose
👉 Cartilage makes the ear flexible and soft.

19. The fluid connective tissue is:
a) Bone
b) Blood ✅
c) Ligament
d) Cartilage
👉 Blood has plasma, RBC, WBC, and platelets.

20. Which cells in the blood help in clotting?
a) RBC
b) WBC
c) Platelets ✅
d) Plasma
👉 Platelets release clotting factors to stop bleeding.

21. Which blood cells carry oxygen?
a) RBC ✅
b) WBC
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
👉 Hemoglobin in RBC carries oxygen.

22. Which blood cells fight infections?
a) RBC
b) WBC ✅
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
👉 WBCs produce antibodies and engulf pathogens.

23. The fluid part of blood is called:
a) Plasma ✅
b) Platelets
c) RBC
d) WBC
👉 Plasma transports nutrients, hormones and waste.

24. Which muscle is voluntary?
a) Skeletal ✅
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac
d) Involuntary
👉 Skeletal muscles are under conscious control.

25. Which muscle is involuntary and striated?
a) Skeletal
b) Cardiac ✅
c) Smooth
d) None
👉 Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without control.

26. Which connective tissue has a fluid matrix?
a) Blood ✅
b) Bone
c) Cartilage
d) Ligaments
👉 Blood matrix = plasma (fluid).

27. Which connective tissue has a solid matrix?
a) Bone ✅
b) Blood
c) Cartilage
d) Ligaments
👉 Bone matrix contains calcium salts.

28. Which connective tissue has a semi-solid matrix?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Blood
c) Bone
d) Areolar
👉 Cartilage has a chondrin matrix, flexible.

29. Which connective tissue binds skin to muscles?
a) Areolar ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Bone
d) Ligaments
👉 Areolar tissue fills spaces between organs.

30. The structural and functional unit of muscle tissue is:
a) Myofibril ✅
b) Neuron
c) Sarcolemma
d) Nucleus
👉 Myofibrils contract and relax for movement.

31. Involuntary, spindle-shaped muscles are:
a) Smooth muscles ✅
b) Skeletal muscles
c) Cardiac muscles
d) None
👉 Found in the intestine, stomach, and iris.

32. Muscle present only in the heart:
a) Skeletal
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac ✅
d) None
👉 Cardiac muscle is involuntary and branched.

33. Which connective tissue forms the skeleton?
a) Bone ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Ligaments
d) Tendons
👉 Bones form a rigid framework of the body.

34. Which connective tissue provides flexible support?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone
c) Ligaments
d) Tendons
👉 Cartilage is flexible, reduces friction at joints.

35. Which connective tissue stores energy in fat form?
a) Adipose ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Bone
d) Ligaments
👉 Adipose tissue stores fat as an energy reserve.

36. Which connective tissue resists wear and tear at joints?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone
c) Ligament
d) Adipose
👉 Cartilage prevents friction between bones.

37. Which connective tissue connects bones and provides strength?
a) Ligaments ✅
b) Tendons
c) Cartilage
d) Areolar
👉 Ligaments hold bones together at joints.

38. Which connective tissue is inelastic and strong?
a) Tendons ✅
b) Ligaments
c) Cartilage
d) Bone
👉 Tendons are strong cords attaching muscles to bones.

39. The connective tissue with abundant fat cells is:
a) Adipose ✅
b) Areolar
c) Cartilage
d) Bone
👉 Fat cells (adipocytes) store energy and insulate body.

40. Which connective tissue prevents organs from collapsing?
a) Areolar ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Adipose
d) Bone
👉 Areolar tissue provides support and flexibility.

41. The connective tissue, which is called “Packing tissue,” is:
a) Adipose
b) Areolar ✅
c) Cartilage
d) Bone
👉 Areolar fills spaces, supports organs, and prevents collapse.

42. Which connective tissue makes up the embryonic skeleton?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone
c) Adipose
d) Ligament
👉 Cartilage is first formed, later replaced by bone.

43. Which connective tissue is called “vascular connective tissue”?
a) Bone
b) Blood ✅
c) Ligaments
d) Cartilage
👉 Blood has a fluid matrix and transports materials.

44. Which connective tissue forms the framework of the body?
a) Bone ✅
b) Adipose
c) Areolar
d) Ligament
👉 Bones form a rigid skeleton.

45. Which connective tissue reduces friction at joints?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Ligaments
c) Tendons
d) Areolar
👉 Cartilage covers bone ends in joints.

46. Which muscle shows alternate dark and light bands?
a) Skeletal ✅
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Skeletal muscles are striated.

47. Which muscle contracts quickly but tires easily?
a) Skeletal ✅
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Skeletal muscles work fast but fatigue quickly.

48. Which muscle contracts rhythmically throughout life?
a) Skeletal
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac ✅
d) None
👉 Cardiac muscle works continuously without fatigue.

49. Which muscle is found in the digestive tract walls?
a) Skeletal
b) Smooth ✅
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Smooth muscles cause peristalsis.

50. Which epithelial tissue is one-cell thick?
a) Cuboidal
b) Columnar
c) Squamous ✅
d) Stratified
👉 Squamous epithelium is thin and flat.

51. Which epithelium is found in kidney tubules?
a) Cuboidal ✅
b) Columnar
c) Squamous
d) Ciliated
👉 Cuboidal help in secretion and absorption.

52. Which epithelium lines the intestine?
a) Columnar ✅
b) Squamous
c) Cuboidal
d) Stratified
👉 Columnar epithelium helps in the absorption of nutrients.

53. Which epithelium has hair-like projections?
a) Squamous
b) Cuboidal
c) Ciliated ✅
d) Stratified
👉 Cilia move mucus/dust in the respiratory tract.

54. Which epithelium prevents wear and tear?
a) Stratified squamous ✅
b) Simple squamous
c) Cuboidal
d) Ciliated
👉 Stratified epithelium in the skin protects the body.

55. Which connective tissue provides flexibility in the embryo?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone
c) Ligaments
d) Tendons
👉 Cartilage forms the embryonic skeleton.

56. Which connective tissue has the maximum calcium salts?
a) Bone ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Ligaments
d) Tendons
👉 Bones store calcium phosphate.

57. Which connective tissue is elastic and strong?
a) Ligament ✅
b) Tendon
c) Cartilage
d) Adipose
👉 Ligaments allow bones to move at joints.

58. Which connective tissue is non-elastic and strong?
a) Tendon ✅
b) Ligament
c) Cartilage
d) Bone
👉 Tendons attach muscles to bones firmly.

59. The connective tissue that supports and protects organs is:
a) Adipose ✅
b) Ligament
c) Tendon
d) Cartilage
👉 Adipose cushions and insulates organs.

60. Which connective tissue forms the flexible earlobe?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone
c) Adipose
d) Ligament
👉 Cartilage gives shape and flexibility.

61. Which connective tissue is most abundant in the human body?
a) Cartilage
b) Bone
c) Areolar ✅
d) Blood
👉 Areolar tissue is widely distributed.

62. The protein present in white fibrous tissue is:
a) Collagen ✅
b) Elastin
c) Keratin
d) Myosin
👉 Collagen gives strength and toughness.

63. The protein present in yellow elastic tissue is:
a) Collagen
b) Elastin ✅
c) Keratin
d) Actin
👉 Elastin makes tissue elastic.

64. The intercellular substance in cartilage is called:
a) Chondrin ✅
b) Plasma
c) Sarcoplasm
d) Matrix
👉 Chondrin makes cartilage flexible.

65. The living cells in cartilage are called:
a) Osteocytes
b) Chondrocytes ✅
c) Adipocytes
d) Erythrocytes
👉 Chondrocytes are embedded in chondrin matrix.

66. The living cells in bone are called:
a) Chondrocytes
b) Osteocytes ✅
c) Adipocytes
d) Platelets
👉 Osteocytes are present in lacunae.

67. Red blood cells are produced in:
a) Bone marrow ✅
b) Heart
c) Kidney
d) Lungs
👉 Bone marrow is the site of erythropoiesis.

68. Average life span of RBC is:
a) 60 days
b) 120 days ✅
c) 240 days
d) 365 days
👉 RBCs live for ~120 days.

69. WBCs are produced in:
a) Bone marrow and lymph nodes ✅
b) Kidneys
c) Liver
d) Heart
👉 WBCs originate in bone marrow and lymphatic tissues.

70. Platelets are produced in:
a) Liver
b) Bone marrow ✅
c) Kidney
d) Lungs
👉 Platelets (thrombocytes) arise from megakaryocytes.

71. Which connective tissue acts as a shock absorber?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Ligament
c) Tendon
d) Areolar
👉 Cartilage cushions bones at joints.

72. Which blood cells lack a nucleus in mammals?
a) RBC ✅
b) WBC
c) Platelets
d) None
👉 Mammalian RBCs are anucleate, carry more hemoglobin.

73. Which blood cells are the smallest?
a) RBC
b) WBC
c) Platelets ✅
d) Plasma
👉 Platelets are the smallest blood cells.

74. Which blood cells are the largest?
a) Monocytes ✅
b) Neutrophils
c) Lymphocytes
d) RBC
👉 Monocytes are the largest WBCs.

75. Which WBCs produce antibodies?
a) Neutrophils
b) Lymphocytes ✅
c) Monocytes
d) Basophils
👉 Lymphocytes play a role in immunity.

76. Which muscle is multinucleated?
a) Skeletal ✅
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Skeletal muscles have many nuclei.

77. Which muscle is uninucleated and involuntary?
a) Smooth ✅
b) Skeletal
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus.

78. Which muscle is uninucleated, branched, and involuntary?
a) Cardiac ✅
b) Skeletal
c) Smooth
d) None
👉 Cardiac muscle has branched fibers.

79. The junction between two neurons is called:
a) Axon
b) Synapse ✅
c) Dendrite
d) Myelin
👉 Synapse transmits impulses between neurons.

80. The insulating layer around nerve fibers is:
a) Myelin sheath ✅
b) Synapse
c) Dendrite
d) Axoplasm
👉 Myelin sheath increases the speed of impulse conduction.

81. The functional unit of the nervous system is:
a) Brain
b) Spinal cord
c) Neuron ✅
d) Nerves
👉 Neuron conducts impulses and coordinates responses.

82. Part of the neuron that receives impulses is:
a) Axon
b) Dendrite ✅
c) Synapse
d) Myelin
👉 Dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body.

83. Part of the neuron that carries the impulse away from the cell body is:
a) Axon ✅
b) Dendrite
c) Synapse
d) Myelin
👉 Axon transmits impulses to the next cell.

84. Gaps in the myelin sheath are called:
a) Nodes of Ranvier ✅
b) Synapse
c) Neurolemma
d) Dendrites
👉 They help in saltatory conduction.

85. Impulse transmission across the synapse occurs by:
a) Neurotransmitters ✅
b) RBC
c) Hormones only
d) Plasma
👉 Chemicals like acetylcholine carry an impulse across a synapse.

86. Which connective tissue stores fat?
a) Adipose ✅
b) Areolar
c) Cartilage
d) Ligament
👉 Adipose cells (adipocytes) store fat and insulate body.

87. Which connective tissue joins bone to muscle?
a) Ligament
b) Tendon ✅
c) Cartilage
d) Areolar
👉 Tendon is non-elastic and strong.

88. Which connective tissue joins bone to bone?
a) Tendon
b) Ligament ✅
c) Cartilage
d) Adipose
👉 Ligament is elastic, giving strength and flexibility.

89. Which connective tissue forms the outer ear (pinna)?
a) Bone
b) Cartilage ✅
c) Adipose
d) Areolar
👉 Pinna is flexible due to cartilage.

90. Which connective tissue forms red bone marrow?
a) Bone ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Ligament
d) Adipose
👉 Bone contains marrow that produces blood cells.

91. Which muscle is called a voluntary muscle?
a) Skeletal ✅
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Skeletal muscles contract under our control.

92. Which muscle is called involuntary, non-striated?
a) Smooth ✅
b) Skeletal
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Smooth muscles work automatically.

93. Which muscle is found only in the heart?
a) Skeletal
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac ✅
d) None
👉 Cardiac muscles contract continuously without fatigue.

94. Which connective tissue transports nutrients?
a) Ligament
b) Blood ✅
c) Adipose
d) Areolar
👉 Blood carries food, gases, and hormones.

95. The fluid matrix of blood is called:
a) Chondrin
b) Plasma ✅
c) Sarcoplasm
d) Matrix
👉 Plasma transports nutrients and waste.

96. Which blood cells fight infections?
a) RBC
b) WBC ✅
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
👉 WBCs protect from microbes.

97. Which blood cells help in clotting?
a) Platelets ✅
b) RBC
c) WBC
d) Plasma
👉 Platelets release clotting factors.

98. The pigment present in RBC is:
a) Hemocyanin
b) Hemoglobin ✅
c) Chlorophyll
d) Myoglobin
👉 Hemoglobin carries oxygen.

99. Which muscle is unbranched and voluntary?
a) Skeletal ✅
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Skeletal muscles are cylindrical, striated.

100. Which muscle is branched and involuntary?
a) Cardiac ✅
b) Skeletal
c) Smooth
d) None
👉 Cardiac muscles are branched and rhythmic.

101. Which connective tissue fills the space between organs?
a) Areolar ✅
b) Adipose
c) Cartilage
d) Ligament
👉 Areolar tissue supports organs.

102. Which blood cells are called leucocytes?
a) WBC ✅
b) RBC
c) Platelets
d) None
👉 WBCs = Leucocytes, protect from infections.

103. Which connective tissue prevents body heat loss?
a) Adipose ✅
b) Areolar
c) Cartilage
d) Ligament
👉 Adipose insulates and stores fat.

104. Which WBCs are called “scavengers of the body”?
a) Neutrophils ✅
b) Basophils
c) Eosinophils
d) Lymphocytes
👉 Neutrophils engulf bacteria by phagocytosis.

105. Which connective tissue helps in movement at joints?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone
c) Adipose
d) Areolar
👉 Cartilage reduces friction at joints.

106. Which muscle type shows rhythmic contraction?
a) Cardiac ✅
b) Skeletal
c) Smooth
d) None
👉 Cardiac contracts rhythmically without fatigue.

107. Which connective tissue stores energy?
a) Adipose ✅
b) Ligament
c) Cartilage
d) Areolar
👉 Adipose stores fat as an energy reserve.

108. Which connective tissue acts as a “shock absorber” in the spinal cord?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Ligament
c) Tendon
d) Bone
👉 Cartilage discs cushion vertebrae.

109. Which connective tissue has a fluid matrix without fibers?
a) Blood ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Bone
d) Areolar
👉 Blood plasma has dissolved substances, not fibers.

110. Which muscle tissue is non-striated and spindle-shaped?
a) Smooth ✅
b) Skeletal
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Smooth muscles control involuntary movements.

111. Which muscle tissue has intercalated discs?
a) Cardiac ✅
b) Skeletal
c) Smooth
d) None
👉 Intercalated discs help synchronous contraction.

112. Which connective tissue has living cells in lacunae?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone ✅
c) Both ✅
d) None
👉 Both bone (osteocytes) and cartilage (chondrocytes) have lacunae.

113. Which connective tissue makes ear flexible?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone
c) Ligament
d) Adipose
👉 Cartilage provides elasticity.

114. Which connective tissue helps in blood cell production?
a) Bone marrow ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Ligament
d) Tendon
👉 Bone marrow produces RBC, WBC, and platelets.

115. Which muscle is called an involuntary visceral muscle?
a) Smooth ✅
b) Skeletal
c) Cardiac
d) None
👉 Smooth muscles are found in internal organs.

116. Which blood cells help in immunity?
a) Lymphocytes ✅
b) RBC
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
👉 Lymphocytes produce antibodies.

117. Which connective tissue joins the ribs to the sternum?
a) Cartilage ✅
b) Bone
c) Ligament
d) Tendon
👉 Cartilage gives flexibility in the chest.

118. Which connective tissue is mineralized and rigid?
a) Bone ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Adipose
d) Areolar
👉 Bones contain calcium salts.

119. Which connective tissue stores yellow marrow?
a) Bone ✅
b) Cartilage
c) Ligament
d) Tendon
👉 Yellow marrow stores fat.

120. Which tissue coordinates and controls all functions?
a) Connective tissue
b) Nervous tissue ✅
c) Muscle tissue
d) Epithelial tissue
👉 Nervous tissue transmits signals, controls body functions.

🌱 Plant Tissues.

1. Plant tissues are classified mainly into:
a) Meristematic & Permanent ✅
b) Epidermis & Cork
c) Xylem & Phloem
d) Simple & Complex
👉 Based on the ability to divide.

2. Cells of meristematic tissue are:
a) Vacuolated
b) Thin-walled, dense cytoplasm ✅
c) Dead
d) Lignified
👉 Always actively dividing.

3. Tissue responsible for length growth:
a) Apical meristem ✅
b) Lateral meristem
c) Collenchyma
d) Phloem
👉 Present at shoot/root tips.

4. Tissue at nodes/internodes:
a) Lateral
b) Intercalary ✅
c) Apical
d) Cork
👉 Increases length.

5. Vascular cambium is:
a) Lateral meristem ✅
b) Apical meristem
c) Simple permanent
d) Protective
👉 Responsible for girth.

6. Permanent tissues are lost:
a) Storage
b) Ability to divide ✅
c) Photosynthesis
d) Flexibility
👉 Differentiated tissues.

7. Bulk of plant body =
a) Parenchyma ✅
b) Collenchyma
c) Phloem
d) Cork
👉 Basic packing tissue.

8. Aerenchyma found in:
a) Desert plants
b) Aquatic plants ✅
c) Gymnosperms
d) Bryophytes
👉 Buoyancy support.

9. Parenchyma with chlorophyll:
a) Collenchyma
b) Chlorechyma ✅
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Cork
👉 Photosynthetic tissue.

10. Thickening at corners:
a) Parenchyma
b) Collenchyma ✅
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Phloem
👉 For support.

11. Sclerenchyma are:
a) Living, elastic
b) Dead, lignified ✅
c) Photosynthetic
d) Soft
👉 Coconut husk = sclerenchyma.

12. Complex permanent tissue:
a) Xylem ✅
b) Parenchyma
c) Collenchyma
d) Epidermis
👉 Transport tissue.

13. Xylem conducts:
a) Food
b) Water & minerals ✅
c) Hormones
d) Starch
👉 Root → shoot transport.

14. Phloem conducts:
a) Water
b) Prepared food ✅
c) Minerals
d) Oxygen
👉 Translocation.

15. Phloem element absent in gymnosperms:
a) Sieve tubes ✅
b) Phloem fibres
c) Companion cells
d) Phloem parenchyma
👉 Gymnosperms → sieve cells only.

16. Outer protective tissue:
a) Collenchyma
b) Epidermis ✅
c) Phloem
d) Xylem
👉 Epidermis bears stomata.

17. Guard cells regulate:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Stomatal opening ✅
c) Transport
d) Cork growth
👉 Control transpiration.

18. Cork cells have:
a) Suberin ✅
b) Lignin
c) Pectin
d) Cutin
👉 Impervious to water.

19. Tissue responsible for wound healing:
a) Apical
b) Intercalary
c) Lateral
d) Meristematic ✅
👉 Meristems regenerate.

20. Cork function:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Protection ✅
c) Transport
d) Storage
👉 Prevents injury/desiccation.

21. Which tissue allows bending in the stem?
a) Collenchyma ✅
b) Sclerenchyma
c) Parenchyma
d) Cork
👉 Flexible support.

22. Tissue that becomes lignified:
a) Parenchyma
b) Sclerenchyma ✅
c) Collenchyma
d) Epidermis
👉 Strength & rigidity.

23. Which type of xylem cell is dead but functional?
a) Vessels & Tracheids ✅
b) Parenchyma
c) Phloem fibres
d) Companion cells
👉 Hollow, lignified.

24. Living element in xylem:
a) Parenchyma ✅
b) Tracheids
c) Vessels
d) Fibres
👉 Stores food.

25. Conducting element in phloem:
a) Fibres
b) Sieve tubes ✅
c) Cork
d) Parenchyma
👉 Transports sugars.

26. Living cells of phloem are:
a) Companion cells ✅
b) Fibres
c) Cork cells
d) Tracheids
👉 Help sieve tubes.

27. A thick cuticle is found in:
a) Hydrophytes
b) Xerophytes ✅
c) Epiphytes
d) Bryophytes
👉 Prevents water loss.

28. Collenchyma absent in:
a) Leaf petiole
b) Roots ✅
c) Herbaceous stems
d) Midrib
👉 Root needs rigidity, not flexibility.

29. Sieve plates are seen in:
a) Phloem ✅
b) Xylem
c) Cork
d) Epidermis
👉 End walls of sieve tubes.

30. Tissue making plant woody:
a) Cork cambium ✅
b) Phloem
c) Epidermis
d) Collenchyma
👉 Produces cork.

31. Example of complex tissue:
a) Xylem & Phloem ✅
b) Collenchyma & Parenchyma
c) Cork & Cuticle
d) Chlorenchyma
👉 Both transport tissues.

32. Companion cells are absent in:
a) Angiosperms
b) Gymnosperms ✅
c) Dicots
d) Monocots
👉 Gymnosperms → sieve cells only.

33. Fibres of sclerenchyma =
a) Long, narrow, lignified ✅
b) Oval & vacuolated
c) Living, flexible
d) Parenchymatous
👉 Coconut husk = fibre.

34. Cells of sclereids:
a) Irregular, thick-walled ✅
b) Living, thin
c) Chloroplast-rich
d) Photosynthetic
👉 Hard seed coat.

35. Lenticels present in:
a) Leaves
b) Old stems ✅
c) Flowers
d) Roots
👉 Gas exchange.

36. Bark mainly consists of:
a) Phloem & Cork ✅
b) Xylem
c) Pith
d) Collenchyma
👉 Protective covering.

37. Guard cells contain:
a) Suberin
b) Chloroplasts ✅
c) Lignin
d) Cork
👉 Photosynthetic.

38. Stomata absent in:
a) Leaves of xerophytes
b) Epidermis of roots ✅
c) Stem epidermis
d) Hydrophyte leaves
👉 Roots don’t have stomata.

39. Which tissue gives buoyancy?
a) Parenchyma with air spaces (Aerenchyma) ✅
b) Collenchyma
c) Cork
d) Epidermis
👉 Hydrophytes.

40. Annual rings formed by:
a) Xylem ✅
b) Phloem
c) Cork
d) Epidermis
👉 Secondary xylem.

41. Which meristem is responsible for secondary growth?
a) Lateral ✅
b) Apical
c) Intercalary
d) Epidermis

42. Function of cuticle:
a) Absorption
b) Prevents water loss ✅
c) Conduction
d) Storage

43. Wood is mainly composed of:
a) Secondary xylem ✅
b) Phloem
c) Epidermis
d) Cork

44. Bast fibres obtained from:
a) Phloem ✅
b) Xylem
c) Cork
d) Pith

45. Cork cambium is also called:
a) Phellogen ✅
b) Vascular cambium
c) Pericycle
d) Endodermis

46. As the tree grows old, the active transport tissue is:
a) Sapwood ✅
b) Heartwood
c) Cork
d) Bark

47. Dead part of the tree trunk:
a) Sapwood
b) Heartwood ✅
c) Cork
d) Cambium

48. Tyloses are associated with:
a) Xylem vessels ✅
b) Phloem fibres
c) Collenchyma
d) Cork cells

49. Which tissues store starch?
a) Parenchyma ✅
b) Collenchyma
c) Cork
d) Xylem

50. Chlorenchyma is mainly found in:
a) Mesophyll of leaves ✅
b) Cork
c) Phloem
d) Xylem

51. Protective layer after cork formation:
a) Phelloderm ✅
b) Pith
c) Cambium
d) Collenchyma

52. Gymnosperm wood is called:
a) Softwood ✅
b) Hardwood
c) Cork
d) Bast

53. Dicot stem vascular bundles are:
a) Open & collateral ✅
b) Closed
c) Scattered
d) Conjoint

54. Monocot stem vascular bundles are:
a) Open
b) Closed & scattered ✅
c) Ring arranged
d) Secondary growth present

55. Function of sieve pores:
a) Transport food ✅
b) Transport water
c) Gas exchange
d) Secretion

56. Which tissue makes plants waterproof?
a) Cork ✅
b) Epidermis
c) Collenchyma
d) Parenchyma

57. Epidermis in desert plants:
a) Thin
b) Thick ✅
c) Absent
d) Photosynthetic

58. Example of simple tissue:
a) Collenchyma ✅
b) Xylem
c) Phloem
d) Vascular cambium

59. Tree bark includes:
a) Secondary phloem & cork ✅
b) Xylem
c) Collenchyma
d) Epidermis

60. Which permanent tissue is dead?
a) Sclerenchyma ✅
b) Parenchyma
c) Collenchyma
d) Phloem
61. Which tissue makes coconut husk hard?
a) Collenchyma
b) Sclerenchyma ✅
c) Parenchyma
d) Cork
👉 Thick lignified fibres give hardness.

62. Which permanent tissue is flexible?
a) Collenchyma ✅
b) Sclerenchyma
c) Parenchyma
d) Cork
👉 Provides elasticity to young stems.

63. Phloem fibres are:
a) Living
b) Dead ✅
c) Photosynthetic
d) Flexible
👉 Only dead element in phloem.

64. Function of xylem parenchyma:
a) Water conduction
b) Food storage ✅
c) Flexibility
d) Protection
👉 Stores starch, tannins.

65. Old phloem is replaced by:
a) Cambium activity ✅
b) Cork
c) Collenchyma
d) Heartwood
👉 Secondary growth adds new phloem.

66. Bark includes:
a) Phloem, cork, cork cambium ✅
b) Xylem
c) Collenchyma
d) Epidermis
👉 Protective covering.

67. Epidermis of desert plants contains:
a) Cuticle ✅
b) Stomata only
c) Cork
d) Phloem
👉 Cuticle prevents evaporation.

68. Function of guard cells:
a) Transport food
b) Open/close stomata ✅
c) Storage
d) Rigidity
👉 Regulate transpiration.

69. Annual rings are useful for:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Age of tree ✅
c) Flexibility
d) Respiration
👉 Dendrochronology.

70. Protective tissue in plants:
a) Cork & Epidermis ✅
b) Xylem
c) Phloem
d) Collenchyma
👉 Prevents injury/infection.

71. Which tissue heals wounds in plants?
a) Meristematic ✅
b) Cork
c) Phloem
d) Parenchyma
👉 Actively dividing cells.

72. Which vascular tissue gives mechanical support?
a) Xylem fibres ✅
b) Phloem fibres
c) Collenchyma
d) Epidermis
👉 Thick lignified walls.

73. Sieve tubes are connected by:
a) Companion cells
b) Perforated sieve plates ✅
c) Fibres
d) Pits
👉 Allow translocation.

74. Xylem vessels evolved best in:
a) Angiosperms ✅
b) Gymnosperms
c) Bryophytes
d) Ferns
👉 Efficient conduction.

75. Gymnosperms lack:
a) Xylem vessels ✅
b) Xylem fibres
c) Tracheids
d) Resin canals
👉 Transport by tracheids only.

76. Example of a simple tissue with chloroplasts:
a) Chlorenchyma ✅
b) Collenchyma
c) Cork
d) Phloem
👉 Photosynthesis.

77. Desert stems (Opuntia) have:
a) Photosynthetic epidermis ✅
b) Cork
c) Collenchyma
d) Fibres
👉 Modified stem for photosynthesis.

78. Root hairs are outgrowths of:
a) Cortex
b) Epidermis ✅
c) Phloem
d) Cork
👉 Absorption of water/minerals.

79. Which meristem increases the girth of the stem?
a) Lateral meristem ✅
b) Apical
c) Intercalary
d) Epidermis
👉 Vascular cambium.

80. Stomata in grasses are:
a) Kidney-shaped
b) Dumbbell-shaped ✅
c) Oval
d) Circular
👉 Monocot characteristic.

81. Which cell in the phloem controls sieve tube activity?
a) Phloem fibres
b) Companion cells ✅
c) Cork
d) Xylem vessels
👉 Regulate food transport.

82. Tissue with both mechanical support + conduction:
a) Xylem ✅
b) Cork
c) Collenchyma
d) Parenchyma
👉 Lignified & functional.

83. Cork cambium forms:
a) Cork & secondary cortex ✅
b) Xylem only
c) Phloem
d) Epidermis
👉 Secondary protective tissue.

84. Living mechanical tissue:
a) Collenchyma ✅
b) Sclerenchyma
c) Xylem fibres
d) Phloem fibres
👉 Elastic support.

85. Which cells make pear gritty?
a) Parenchyma
b) Stone cells (Sclereids) ✅
c) Xylem vessels
d) Collenchyma
👉 Hard sclerenchyma.

86. Commercial jute fibres are from:
a) Phloem ✅
b) Xylem
c) Epidermis
d) Collenchyma
👉 Bast fibres.

87. Food conduction is bidirectional in:
a) Phloem ✅
b) Xylem
c) Cork
d) Epidermis
👉 Food moves up & down.

88. Which vascular element is living in the phloem?
a) Companion cells ✅
b) Fibres
c) Sieve tubes
d) Cork
👉 Help sieve tubes.

89. Bordered pits are found in:
a) Xylem tracheids ✅
b) Parenchyma
c) Cork
d) Phloem fibres
👉 Water conduction.

90. Which meristem forms branches in grass?
a) Intercalary ✅
b) Apical
c) Lateral
d) Cork cambium
👉 Present at nodes.

91. Which tissue prevents the breaking of the plant in the wind?
a) Collenchyma ✅
b) Cork
c) Xylem
d) Phloem
👉 Flexible support.

92. Storage of water in succulent plants is by:
a) Parenchyma ✅
b) Cork
c) Phloem
d) Xylem
👉 Large vacuoles.

93. Secondary xylem in old trees =
a) Wood ✅
b) Cork
c) Bast
d) Bark
👉 Commercial timber.

94. Sieve tubes are absent in:
a) Gymnosperms ✅
b) Angiosperms
c) Monocots
d) Dicots
👉 Primitive condition.

95. Which element is absent in the monocot stem?
a) Cambium ✅
b) Xylem
c) Phloem
d) Pith
👉 No secondary growth.

96. Leaf veins are composed of:
a) Vascular bundles ✅
b) Collenchyma
c) Parenchyma
d) Cork
👉 Xylem & phloem.

97. What replaces the epidermis in old stems?
a) Cork ✅
b) Phloem
c) Cambium
d) Collenchyma
👉 Secondary protection.

98. Sunken stomata are an adaptation of:
a) Xerophytes ✅
b) Hydrophytes
c) Angiosperms
d) Monocots
👉 Minimize water loss.

99. Which vascular tissue has sieve pores?
a) Phloem ✅
b) Xylem
c) Collenchyma
d) Parenchyma
👉 Transport prepared food.

100. Which tissue has pits for water conduction?
a) Xylem ✅
b) Phloem
c) Cork
d) Collenchyma
👉 Present in tracheids/vessels.

101. Which plant tissue forms economic products like gum/resins?
a) Parenchyma ✅
b) Collenchyma
c) Xylem
d) Cork

102. Fibres used in making ropes & mats:
a) Sclerenchyma ✅
b) Collenchyma
c) Phloem parenchyma
d) Cork

103. Which meristem functions during wound healing?
a) Apical
b) Intercalary
c) Lateral
d) Meristematic tissue ✅

104. Which tissue contributes to the secondary thickening of the stem?
a) Vascular cambium ✅
b) Cork
c) Phloem
d) Parenchyma

105. Casparian strips are present in:
a) Endodermis ✅
b) Cork
c) Xylem
d) Phloem

106. Which part of the tree trunk is commercially useless?
a) Heartwood ✅
b) Sapwood
c) Cork
d) Cambium

107. Why is phloem transport bidirectional?
👉 Because food moves both from leaves → roots and also from storage organs → growing shoots. ✅

108. Which tissue is also called the “hydrostatic skeleton” of plants?
a) Parenchyma ✅
b) Sclerenchyma
c) Collenchyma
d) Phloem

109. Bast fibres are derived from:
a) Phloem ✅
b) Cork
c) Xylem
d) Pith

110. Which vascular bundle arrangement is in the monocot stem?
a) Scattered ✅
b) Ring
c) Radial
d) Bicollateral

111. Example of radial vascular bundle:
a) Root ✅
b) Stem
c) Leaf
d) Old bark

112. Which vascular element provides strength in xylem?
a) Fibres ✅
b) Vessels
c) Tracheids
d) Parenchyma

113. Which tissue stores waste materials in plants?
a) Parenchyma ✅
b) Collenchyma
c) Cork
d) Phloem

114. What is the economic importance of cork?
👉 Used in insulation, linoleum, sports goods, and bottle stoppers. ✅

115. Commercial cork is obtained from:
a) Oak tree ✅
b) Coconut
c) Teak
d) Mango

116. Which layer replaces the epidermis in older roots/stems?
a) Periderm (cork + cambium) ✅
b) Pith
c) Phloem
d) Collenchyma

117. Sclerenchyma in nutshells provides:
a) Rigidity ✅
b) Storage
c) Photosynthesis
d) Transport

118. Economic product from phloem:
a) Jute ✅
b) Rubber
c) Gum arabic
d) Coconut fibre

119. Why is secondary growth absent in monocots?
👉 Because vascular bundles are closed (no cambium). ✅

120. Annual rings fail to form clearly in:
a) Tropical regions ✅
b) Temperate regions
c) Himalayan forests
d) Alpine regions
👉 No distinct seasonal variations.

Soil Pollution

1. Soil pollution is mainly caused by:
a) Fertility
b) Addition of toxic substances ✅
c) Humus
d) Percolation
👉 Toxic chemicals, salts, and radioactive wastes disturb soil quality.

2. The major natural resources are:
a) Soil, Air, Water ✅
b) Fire, Gas, Gold
c) Iron, Silver, Copper
d) None
👉 Life depends on soil, air, and water.

3. Percentage of minerals in soil:
a) 25%
b) 45% ✅
c) 30%
d) 10%
👉 Minerals form the bulk of soil content.

4. Which waste is biodegradable?
a) Plastic
b) Paper ✅
c) Glass
d) Polythene
👉 Paper decomposes easily by microbes.

5. Soil with 30% organic matter is called:
a) Loamy
b) Organic soil ✅
c) Sandy
d) Clayey
👉 Rich in humus.

6. Soil erosion means:
a) Removal of top soil ✅
b) Adding humus
c) Adding manure
d) Water retention
👉 Top layer washed away by wind/water.

7. The pH of good fertile soil is:
a) 3–5
b) 5.5–7.5 ✅
c) 8–10
d) 0–2
👉 Neutral to slightly acidic is ideal.

8. Which is a non-biodegradable waste?
a) Food
b) Polythene ✅
c) Wood
d) Cow dung
👉 Plastic & polythene persist for years.

9. Soil pollution leads to:
a) Soil fertility increases
b) Soil fertility loss ✅
c) Organic soil formation
d) Neutral pH
👉 Polluted soils reduce crop yield.

10. Which principle helps to control soil pollution?
a) 3R’s
b) 4R’s✅
c) 2R’s
d) None
👉 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover

11. Biomagnification means:
a) Food production
b) Accumulation of pollutants in the food chain ✅
c) Mineralisation
d) Reforestation
👉 Toxic chemicals magnify at higher trophic levels.

12. Bio-remediation uses:
a) Robots
b) Microbes ✅
c) Machines
d) Satellites
👉 Microorganisms degrade pollutants.

13. Pyrolysis is:
a) Combustion in the absence of oxygen ✅
b) Normal burning
c) Fertilizer process
d) Decomposition in air
👉 Waste treated under controlled oxygen.

14. Soil erosion was a big problem in:
a) USA (1930s) ✅
b) India (2000s)
c) China (1800s)
d) Africa (1700s)
👉 Dust Bowl event.

15. Which pollutant causes fluorosis?
a) Lead
b) Fluoride ✅
c) Cadmium
d) Arsenic
👉 Excess fluoride damages teeth & bones.

16. Mycorrhiza is:
a) Algae with fungi
b) Fungi with plant roots ✅
c) Bacteria with plant
d) Protozoa with worms
👉 Helps plants absorb nutrients.

17. Soil fertility is defined as:
a) Ability to support water
b) Ability to supply nutrients ✅
c) Capacity to hold gases
d) Erosion resistance
👉 Directly affects plant growth.

18. Mineralisation is:
a) Oxidation of organic matter ✅
b) Loss of humus
c) Soil erosion
d) Acidification
👉 Converts organic matter into nutrients.

19. Main source of pesticide soil pollution:
a) Agriculture ✅
b) Industry
c) Transport
d) Urban waste
👉 Excessive use of pesticides.

20. Soil with very low pH is:
a) Fertile
b) Acidic ✅
c) Neutral
d) Alkaline
👉 Acidic soil is unsuitable for crops.

21. Heavy metals in soil pollution include:
a) Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic ✅
b) Iron, Zinc
c) Copper, Gold
d) Sodium, Calcium
👉 Highly toxic elements.

22. Which soil property affects crop yield the most?
a) Fertility ✅
b) Colour
c) Size
d) Weight
👉 Fertility decides productivity.

23. Conservation of soil is possible by:
a) Reforestation ✅
b) Overgrazing
c) Deforestation
d) Urbanisation
👉 Plant cover protects soil.

24. Which soil pollutant comes from batteries?
a) Lead ✅
b) Calcium
c) Mercury
d) Sodium
👉 Lead from batteries contaminates soil.

25. Which pollutant causes Minamata disease but also affects soil?
a) Mercury ✅
b) Zinc
c) Aluminium
d) Lithium
👉 Mercury contamination is highly toxic.

26. Organic matter in soil improves:
a) Fertility & water retention ✅
b) Pollution
c) Acidity
d) Radioactivity
👉 Increases nutrients & holding capacity.

27. Soil with too high pH is:
a) Alkaline ✅
b) Acidic
c) Neutral
d) Humus-rich
👉 Above 7 = alkaline.

28. Underground soil pollution is caused by:
a) Cadmium, Chromium, Lead ✅
b) Calcium, Sodium
c) Nitrogen, Potassium
d) None
👉 Heavy metals from industry & waste.

29. Which process uses green plants to clean pollutants?
a) Phytoremediation ✅
b) Biomagnification
c) Leaching
d) Percolation
👉 Plants absorb heavy metals.

30. Solid waste management is essential for:
a) Preventing soil pollution ✅
b) Causing erosion
c) Increasing pesticides
d) Acidification
👉 Proper waste management reduces contamination.

31. Which scheme provides soil health reports to farmers?
a) Soil Health Card ✅
b) Swachh Bharat
c) PM-Kisan
d) Atal Mission
👉 Soil Health Card Scheme started in India.

32. Which Telangana river is worst polluted with soil dumping?
a) Godavari
b) Musi ✅
c) Krishna
d) Manjira
👉 Musi river pollution is alarming.

33. Which organisation observes World Soil Day?
a) FAO ✅
b) WHO
c) UNESCO
d) UNEP
👉 Dec 5, by FAO.

34. Which city produces ~50,000–80,000 MT waste daily?
a) Mumbai ✅
b) Warangal
c) Jaipur
d) Patna
👉 Metro cities generate high waste.

35. Which practice reduces soil salinity?
a) Over irrigation
b) Controlled irrigation ✅
c) Deforestation
d) Monocropping
👉 Salinity managed by controlled irrigation.

36. Which Indian state suffers most from arsenic in soil & water?
a) West Bengal ✅
b) Kerala
c) Punjab
d) Rajasthan
👉 Arsenic contamination is severe.

37. Which mission promotes sustainable waste management in cities?
a) Smart Cities Mission ✅
b) Make in India
c) Digital India
d) Skill India
👉 Focus on recycling & disposal.

38. Which UN goal is linked to soil conservation?
a) SDG 15 – Life on Land ✅
b) SDG 10
c) SDG 6
d) SDG 12
👉 Sustainable development goals.

39. Which disease is caused by excess fluoride in groundwater?
a) Fluorosis ✅
b) Anaemia
c) Rickets
d) Diabetes
👉 Fluorosis damages teeth & bones.

40. Best farming practice to reduce soil pollution:
a) Organic farming ✅
b) Burning residues
c) Monocropping
d) Excess pesticides
👉 Organic farming maintains soil health.

Cell Cycle (Cell Division)

1. The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome and divides is called:
a) Cell plate
b) Cell division
c) Cell cycle ✅
d) Cytokinesis
👉 Cell cycle = life history of a cell.

2. In humans, cell division occurs once in about:
a) 12 hours
b) 24 hours ✅
c) 48 hours
d) 6 hours
👉 Human somatic cells complete cycle in ~24 hrs.

3. In yeast, cell cycle completes in about:
a) 90 min
b) 910 min ✅
c) 24 hrs
d) 60 hrs
👉 Yeast divides faster, cycle ~910 minutes.

4. The longest phase of cell cycle is:
a) Prophase
b) Interphase ✅
c) Metaphase
d) Cytokinesis
👉 Interphase covers ~95% of cycle.

5. Interphase is also called:
a) Resting phase ✅
b) Active phase
c) Division phase
d) Cytokinesis
👉 Though “resting”, cell actively grows and prepares for division.

6. In which phase of interphase DNA replication occurs?
a) G1 phase
b) S phase ✅
c) G2 phase
d) M phase
👉 S = synthesis phase, DNA doubles.

7. Protein synthesis before mitosis occurs in:
a) G1
b) G2 ✅
c) S
d) M
👉 G2 ensures preparation for division.

8. The quiescent stage of cell cycle is:
a) G0 ✅
b) S
c) G2
d) M
👉 G0 = non-dividing, metabolically active.

9. The phase where chromosomes condense:
a) Metaphase
b) Prophase ✅
c) Telophase
d) Interphase
👉 Prophase = first visible condensation.

10. The stage where chromosomes align at equator:
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase ✅
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
👉 Equatorial plate formation.

11. The splitting of centromeres occurs at:
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase ✅
d) Telophase
👉 Chromatids separate and move to poles.

12. Nuclear envelope reappears at:
a) Prophase
b) Anaphase
c) Telophase ✅
d) Metaphase
👉 Telophase restores nuclear structures.

13. Cytoplasm divides during:
a) Karyokinesis
b) Cytokinesis ✅
c) Metaphase
d) Interphase
👉 Cytokinesis = cytoplasmic division.

14. In animal cells cytokinesis occurs by:
a) Cell plate formation
b) Cleavage furrow ✅
c) Fragmentation
d) Budding
👉 Cleavage furrow deepens → 2 cells.

15. In plant cells cytokinesis occurs by:
a) Cleavage furrow
b) Cell plate formation ✅
c) Budding
d) Binary fission
👉 Cell plate → new wall between daughter cells.

16. Mitosis is also called:
a) Reduction division
b) Equational division ✅
c) Meiotic division
d) Binary fission
👉 Daughter cells same chromosome number as the parent.

17. In animals, mitosis occurs in:
a) Somatic cells ✅
b) Germ cells only
c) Gametes
d) None
👉 Growth, repair of body = somatic mitosis.

18. In plants, mitosis occurs in:
a) Only diploid cells
b) Haploid & diploid cells ✅
c) Only haploid cells
d) None
👉 Seen in both.

19. A suitable stage for studying the morphology of chromosomes is:
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase ✅
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
👉 Chromosomes condensed and aligned.

20. In which stage do spindle fibers attach to the centromere?
a) Anaphase
b) Metaphase ✅
c) Telophase
d) Prophase
👉 At the kinetochore of centromeres.

21. Significance of mitosis is:
a) Formation of gametes
b) Repair and growth ✅
c) Genetic variation
d) Reduction of chromosome number
👉 Produces identical diploid cells.

22. Failure of spindle formation may lead to:
a) Mutation
b) Non-separation of chromosomes ✅
c) Cytokinesis only
d) No effect
👉 Aneuploidy possible.

23. If a human skin cell undergoes mitosis, the chromosome number in the daughter cells will be:
a) 23
b) 46 ✅
c) 92
d) 69
👉 Identical diploid cells (46 chromosomes).

24. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably due to a malfunction of:
a) Cell cycle checkpoints ✅
b) Ribosomes
c) Chloroplasts
d) Lysosomes
👉 Checkpoints regulate cycle progression.

25. Application type – Why are onion root tips used in a mitosis study?
a) Large cells
b) Rapid growth ✅
c) Thin epidermis
d) All the above
👉 Actively dividing region → easy observation.

26. Which phase of interphase is longest?
a) G1 ✅
b) S
c) G2
d) M
👉 G1 occupies maximum time for cell growth.

27. DNA synthesis occurs in:
a) G1
b) S ✅
c) G2
d) M
👉 S phase = DNA replication.

28. Centrosome duplicates during:
a) G1
b) S ✅
c) G2
d) M
👉 Occurs parallel with DNA replication.

29. Protein tubulin needed for the spindle fiber is formed in:
a) G1
b) S
c) G2 ✅
d) M
👉 G2 prepares spindle material.

30. Chromatin starts condensing in:
a) Prophase ✅
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase

31. Nucleolus disappears in:
a) Prophase ✅
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase

32. Nuclear membrane breaks down during:
a) Prophase ✅
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase

33. Mitotic spindle fibers originate from:
a) Golgi body
b) Centrioles ✅
c) Nucleolus
d) Ribosome

34. The plane where chromosomes arrange in metaphase is called:
a) Cell plate
b) Equatorial plate ✅
c) Cleavage furrow
d) Centrosome

35. Best stage to observe chromosome number:
a) Metaphase ✅
b) Anaphase
c) Telophase
d) Prophase

36. Chromatids separate at:
a) Prophase
b) Anaphase ✅
c) Metaphase
d) Telophase

37. Energy for chromosome movement in mitosis is provided by:
a) Mitochondria ✅
b) Ribosomes
c) Golgi
d) Lysosomes

38. Cytokinesis in plant cells begins with:
a) Cleavage
b) Cell plate formation ✅
c) Furrow
d) Invagination

39. Cleavage furrow is found in:
a) Animal cells ✅
b) Plant cells
c) Both
d) None

40. Golgi complex helps in formation of:
a) Cell plate ✅
b) Centriole
c) Cleavage furrow
d) Nucleolus

41. If cytokinesis fails, result will be:
a) Haploid cells
b) Multinucleated cell ✅
c) Dead cell
d) Gametes

42. At the end of mitosis chromosome number is:
a) Halved
b) Same ✅
c) Doubled
d) Random

43. Anaphase is characterized by:
a) Separation of chromatids ✅
b) Disappearance of nucleolus
c) Nuclear membrane formation
d) Spindle disappearance

44. Telophase is opposite to:
a) Prophase ✅
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Cytokinesis

45. Mitotic cell division is absent in:
a) Bacteria ✅
b) Animals
c) Plants
d) Algae

46. In bacteria, cell division occurs by:
a) Mitosis
b) Binary fission ✅
c) Endospore
d) Budding

47. Plant cells lack centrioles but form spindle with help of:
a) Microtubule organizing centers ✅
b) Golgi
c) ER
d) Ribosomes

48. Stage suitable for karyotyping:
a) Metaphase ✅
b) Telophase
c) Anaphase
d) Prophase

49. If mitosis stops suddenly in bone marrow, effect is:
a) No new RBCs formed ✅
b) No digestion
c) No excretion
d) None

50. Application – Chemotherapy drugs block:
a) DNA replication ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Respiration
d) Transpiration

51. Significance of mitosis is all EXCEPT:
a) Repair of cells
b) Growth of organism
c) Formation of gametes ✅
d) Maintaining chromosome number

52. Cell division restricted to somatic cells is:
a) Mitosis ✅
b) Meiosis
c) Amitosis
d) Binary fission

53. Amitosis means:
a) Direct division ✅
b) Reduction division
c) Equational division
d) Fragmentation

54. Plant tissue that shows rapid mitosis:
a) Meristematic ✅
b) Permanent
c) Collenchyma
d) Cork

55. In human liver cells (2n=46), after mitosis chromosome number is:
a) 23
b) 46 ✅
c) 92
d) 69

56. Failure of mitosis in skin causes:
a) Cancer
b) Wounds not healing ✅
c) Aging only
d) Loss of pigmentation

57. Onion root tip is used because:
a) Thin cells
b) Rapid division ✅
c) Small size
d) Transparent cytoplasm

58. Which stage shows spindle apparatus clearly?
a) Metaphase ✅
b) Prophase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase

59. Chromosomes split at centromere during:
a) Anaphase ✅
b) Telophase
c) Prophase
d) Metaphase

60. Which stage is shortest in mitosis?
a) Metaphase ✅
b) Prophase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase

61. DNA doubles in:
a) S phase ✅
b) G1
c) G2
d) M phase

62. Histone proteins are synthesized in:
a) S phase ✅
b) G1
c) G2
d) Telophase

63. Checkpoints in cell cycle are controlled by:
a) Cyclins ✅
b) Enzymes
c) Histones
d) Tubulins

64. Mitosis was first observed by:
a) Walther Flemming ✅
b) Robert Hooke
c) Virchow
d) Brown

65. Chromosomes are least condensed in:
a) Interphase ✅
b) Metaphase
c) Prophase
d) Telophase

66. Stage just before cell division:
a) G2 ✅
b) G1
c) S
d) G0

67. Apoptosis means:
a) Programmed cell death ✅
b) Cell cycle arrest
c) Mutation
d) Necrosis

68. Cancer cells bypass:
a) Checkpoints ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Karyotyping
d) Telophase

69. Metaphase chromosomes attach to spindle by:
a) Centromere (kinetochore) ✅
b) Telomere
c) Chromatid
d) Chromoplast

70. Cytokinesis in higher plants starts with:
a) Cell plate ✅
b) Furrow
c) Wall rupture
d) Cell wall thinning

71. Contractile ring in animal cytokinesis is made up of:
a) Actin filaments ✅
b) Tubulin
c) Myosin
d) Spindle

72. If spindle fibers fail in mitosis, result is:
a) Polyploidy ✅
b) Haploidy
c) Mutation only
d) Cell death

73. Mitotic index measures:
a) Percentage of dividing cells ✅
b) Total chromosomes
c) Number of genes
d) Cell size

74. The cell plate originates from:
a) Golgi vesicles ✅
b) Lysosome
c) Ribosome
d) Nucleolus

75. Chromosome number remains constant in:
a) Mitosis ✅
b) Meiosis
c) Binary fission
d) Amitosis

76. Mitotic division in unicellular organisms helps in:
a) Reproduction ✅
b) Growth
c) Repair
d) Variation

77. Drug colchicine blocks mitosis at:
a) Metaphase ✅
b) Anaphase
c) Prophase
d) Telophase

78. Cytokinesis starts after:
a) Karyokinesis ✅
b) Interphase
c) Prophase
d) Metaphase

79. In telophase, spindle fibers:
a) Disappear ✅
b) Increase
c) Duplicate
d) Thicken

80. Plant cell wall formation starts from:
a) Center ✅
b) Periphery
c) Nucleus
d) Membrane

81. Significance of mitosis is NOT:
a) Maintaining chromosome number
b) Healing of wounds
c) Producing gametes ✅
d) Growth

82. Which process produces genetically identical cells?
a) Mitosis ✅
b) Meiosis
c) Binary fission
d) Fertilization

83. Example of multinucleated cells due to absence of cytokinesis:
a) Muscle fibers ✅
b) RBC
c) Neurons
d) Epidermis

84. Which stage is suitable to study morphology of chromosomes?
a) Metaphase ✅
b) Interphase
c) Telophase
d) G1

85. Which cell division helps in asexual reproduction of plants?
a) Mitosis ✅
b) Meiosis
c) Amitosis
d) Budding

86. Which division is important for repair of skin cells?
a) Mitosis ✅
b) Meiosis
c) Amitosis
d) Fusion

87. Root cap cells are continuously replaced by:
a) Mitosis ✅
b) Meiosis
c) Mutation
d) G0

88. Human cheek cells divide by:
a) Mitosis ✅
b) Meiosis
c) Amitosis
d) Budding

89. Growth in multicellular organisms is due to:
a) Mitosis ✅
b) Meiosis
c) Fertilization
d) Mutation

90. Nucleolus reappears in:
a) Telophase ✅
b) Anaphase
c) Metaphase
d) Prophase

91. Golgi vesicles fuse during cytokinesis to form:
a) Cell plate ✅
b) Cleavage furrow
c) Cell wall break
d) Centrosome

92. Example of cell cycle arrest stage:
a) G0 ✅
b) G1
c) G2
d) S

93. Longest stage of mitosis is:
a) Prophase ✅
b) Anaphase
c) Metaphase
d) Telophase

94. Shortest stage of mitosis is:
a) Anaphase ✅
b) Prophase
c) Metaphase
d) Telophase

95. Significance of mitosis in unicellular algae:
a) Vegetative reproduction ✅
b) Variation
c) Mutation
d) Reduction

96. Mitosis in plants occurs in:
a) Meristematic cells ✅
b) Permanent cells
c) Dead cells
d) Cork

97. Kinetochore is a part of:
a) Centromere ✅
b) Telomere
c) Spindle
d) Chromatid

98. Spindle fibers attach to:
a) Kinetochore ✅
b) Nucleolus
c) ER
d) Cytoplasm

99. Endoplasmic reticulum disappears in:
a) Prophase ✅
b) Telophase
c) Anaphase
d) Interphase

100. Cell plate formation is unique to:
a) Plant cells ✅
b) Animal cells
c) Both
d) None

101. Furrowing in cytokinesis is characteristic of:
a) Animal cells ✅
b) Plant cells
c) Both
d) None

102. Spindle fibers are composed of:
a) Microtubules ✅
b) Microfilaments
c) Actin
d) DNA

103. Which enzyme unwinds DNA during S-phase?
a) DNA helicase ✅
b) Ligase
c) RNA polymerase
d) Reverse transcriptase

104. Why is mitosis called equational division?
👉 Because daughter cells have the same chromosome number as parent. ✅

105. Importance of mitosis in agriculture:
👉 Helps in clonal propagation of plants. ✅

106. Rapidly dividing tissue in plants useful for micropropagation:
a) Meristem ✅
b) Xylem
c) Phloem
d) Cork

107. Stage of mitosis used in chromosome banding techniques:
a) Metaphase ✅
b) Prophase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase

108. Which checkpoint ensures DNA replication is complete?
a) G2/M ✅
b) G1
c) Metaphase
d) Cytokinesis

109. If mitosis stops in embryo development:
a) Growth arrested ✅
b) Faster growth
c) Polyploidy
d) Elongation

110. Which organelle helps in spindle fiber assembly?
a) Centriole ✅
b) Nucleolus
c) Ribosome
d) Mitochondria

111. Cleavage furrow formation involves:
a) Actin filaments ✅
b) Tubulin
c) Myosin only
d) Collagen

112. Colchicine prevents:
a) Spindle fiber formation ✅
b) Nuclear membrane formation
c) Cytokinesis
d) Protein synthesis

113. Polytene chromosomes divide by:
a) Amitosis ✅
b) Mitosis
c) Meiosis
d) Cytokinesis

114. In mitosis, chromosome duplication occurs during:
a) Interphase ✅
b) Prophase
c) Metaphase
d) Anaphase

115. Human RBCs cannot divide because they lack:
a) Nucleus ✅
b) Cytoplasm
c) Chromosomes
d) Membrane

116. Plant mitotic spindle is:
a) Anastral ✅
b) Amphiastral
c) Both
d) None

117. Animal mitotic spindle is:
a) Amphiastral ✅
b) Anastral
c) None
d) Single

118. In mitosis, chromatids are pulled apart by:
a) Spindle fibers ✅
b) Golgi
c) ER
d) Centrosome only

119. The function of mitosis in Hydra:
a) Regeneration ✅
b) Variation
c) Gamete formation
d) Mutation

120. Final significance of mitosis:
👉 Growth, repair, genetic stability, and asexual reproduction. ✅

🌳 Forest: Our Life

1. A natural ecosystem with trees, animals, birds and microbes is:
a) Orchard
b) Plantation
c) Forest ✅
d) Cropland
👉 Forest provides food, shelter, oxygen & balance.

2. Large-scale farming of tea, coffee, and rubber is called:
a) Plantation ✅
b) Orchard
c) Forest
d) Garden
👉 Plantations are for commercial crops.

3. The main wood product from forests:
a) Gum
b) Timber ✅
c) Resin
d) Fibre
👉 Timber = wood used for furniture, houses.

4. Removal of topsoil by wind or water is:
a) Soil erosion ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Plantation
d) Humus
👉 Roots prevent erosion.

5. Cutting down trees on a large scale is:
a) Deforestation ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Monocropping
d) Overgrazing
👉 Deforestation reduces biodiversity.

6. The practice of growing trees is called:
a) Afforestation ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Overgrazing
d) Soil erosion
👉 Afforestation increases green cover.

7. Forests that remain green throughout the year:
a) Evergreen ✅
b) Deciduous
c) Thorny
d) Mangrove
👉 Found in high rainfall areas.

8. Forests which shed leaves in summer:
a) Deciduous ✅
b) Evergreen
c) Mangroves
d) Conifers
👉 Conserve water during the dry season.

9. Forests in coastal & swampy regions:
a) Mangroves ✅
b) Evergreen
c) Alpine
d) Deciduous
👉 Eg: Sundarbans, Godavari Delta.

10. Forests in snowy mountains:
a) Coniferous ✅
b) Thorny
c) Mangrove
d) Evergreen
👉 Pine, fir, cedar.

11. Forests in dry regions like Anantapur:
a) Thorny ✅
b) Evergreen
c) Alpine
d) Littoral
👉 Adapted to low rainfall.

12. Main role of forests in the environment:
a) Absorb CO₂, release O₂ ✅
b) Absorb O₂
c) Produce only timber
d) Provide only food
👉 Called “Green Lungs of Earth”.

13. Non-wood products from forests are:
a) Gum, resin, honey ✅
b) Timber
c) Plywood
d) Poles
👉 NTFP = non-timber forest products.

14. Which National Park protects Asiatic Lions?
a) Gir ✅
b) Corbett
c) Kaziranga
d) Bandhavgarh
👉 Gir, Gujarat.

15. First National Park in India (1936):
a) Corbett ✅
b) Periyar
c) Kaziranga
d) Gir
👉 Jim Corbett, Uttarakhand.

16. Kaziranga National Park protects:
a) One-horned rhinoceros ✅
b) Tiger
c) Elephant
d) Lion
👉 UNESCO site in Assam.

17. Sanctuary is a place where:
a) Animals are protected ✅
b) Timber is cut
c) Trees are farmed
d) Farming is done
👉 Eg: Nagarjuna Sagar – Srisailam.

18. A tribal group in AP dependent on forests:
a) Chenchus ✅
b) Todas
c) Nagas
d) Bhils
👉 Collect honey, fruits, and firewood.

19. Festival celebrated for tree plantation:
a) Van Mahotsav ✅
b) Pongal
c) Bihu
d) Diwali
👉 1st week of July in India.

20. Forests help in preventing:
a) Soil erosion ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Volcanoes
d) Tsunami
👉 Roots bind soil.

21. Which movement started in Uttarakhand to save forests?
a) Chipko ✅
b) Narmada Bachao
c) Jungle Bachao
d) Bishnoi
👉 Hugging trees to stop cutting.

22. Which state has the largest forest area in India?
a) Madhya Pradesh ✅
b) Chhattisgarh
c) Odisha
d) Karnataka
👉 MP > 77,000 sq.km forest.

23. Which state has the highest % forest cover?
a) Mizoram ✅
b) Assam
c) Nagaland
d) Arunachal Pradesh
👉 Over 80% Mizoram is forest.

24. Forest Survey of India (FSI) publishes:
a) India State of Forest Report ✅
b) India Census
c) NSSO Survey
d) Forest Biodiversity Act
👉 Every 2 years.

25. Major forest type in Western Ghats:
a) Evergreen ✅
b) Thorny
c) Alpine
d) Mangrove
👉 Heavy rainfall → evergreen forests.

26. Mangroves protect coastal people from:
a) Cyclones ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanic eruptions
d) Snowstorms
👉 Natural barriers.

27. Which tree provides resin used for turpentine?
a) Pine ✅
b) Neem
c) Mango
d) Teak
👉 Resin is a forest product.

28. Which tree provides latex?
a) Rubber ✅
b) Pine
c) Teak
d) Sal
👉 Latex → tyres.

29. Which sanctuary in AP protects bustards?
a) Rollapadu ✅
b) Coringa
c) Pocharam
d) Nallamala
👉 Rollapadu protects Great Indian Bustard.

30. A medicinal plant found in forests is:
a) Neem ✅
b) Eucalyptus
c) Both a & b ✅
d) Mango
👉 Both used for medicine.

31. Which law protects forest land?
a) Forest Conservation Act, 1980 ✅
b) Wildlife Act, 1972
c) Biodiversity Act, 2002
d) Mines Act
👉 Restricts diversion of forest land.

32. Which SDG is related to forests?
a) SDG 15 – Life on Land ✅
b) SDG 6 – Water
c) SDG 13 – Climate
d) SDG 1 – Poverty
👉 SDG 15 protects biodiversity.

33. Which biosphere reserve spreads in Telangana?
a) Nallamala ✅
b) Sundarbans
c) Nilgiris
d) Gir
👉 Rich in tigers, medicinal plants.

34. Which festival in Telangana tribals linked with forest deities?
a) Sammakka-Sarakka Jatara ✅
b) Bathukamma
c) Bonalu
d) Bihu
👉 Celebrated in Medaram forests.

35. Which forest absorbs maximum CO₂?
a) Evergreen ✅
b) Thorny
c) Mangrove
d) Scrub
👉 Evergreen forests = carbon sinks.

36. Which Indian forest is UNESCO heritage?
a) Nilgiri Biosphere ✅
b) Gir
c) Kaziranga
d) Periyar
👉 Declared in 1986.

37. Which state’s Sundarbans are famous for Royal Bengal Tigers?
a) West Bengal ✅
b) Kerala
c) MP
d) Odisha
👉 Largest mangrove forest.

38. Which state has Silent Valley evergreen forest?
a) Kerala ✅
b) AP
c) Rajasthan
d) Gujarat
👉 Rich biodiversity.

39. Bishnoi community is famous for:
a) Saving trees & wildlife ✅
b) Fishing
c) Mining
d) Industry
👉 Protected Khejri trees.

40. Project Tiger started in:
a) 1973 ✅
b) 1980
c) 1992
d) 2000
👉 To protect tigers.

41. Which Indian state has Amrabad Tiger Reserve?
a) Telangana ✅
b) Kerala
c) Rajasthan
d) MP
👉 In Nallamala forest.

42. Which scheme in Telangana aims at plantation?
a) Haritha Haram ✅
b) Van Suraksha
c) Green India
d) Van Mahotsav
👉 Massive tree planting programme.

43. Which country has largest rainforest?
a) Brazil (Amazon) ✅
b) India
c) USA
d) China
👉 Amazon = lungs of Earth.

44. Main cause of Amazon fires:
a) Agriculture & ranching ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Tsunami
d) Volcanoes
👉 Farmers clear forests for land.

45. Which global event signed in 2015 for forests?
a) Paris Climate Agreement ✅
b) Rio 1992
c) Kyoto 1997
d) COP 29
👉 Paris focused on reducing CO₂.

46. Which is India’s largest mangrove forest?
a) Sundarbans ✅
b) Coringa
c) Bhitarkanika
d) Pichavaram
👉 Shared by WB & Bangladesh.

47. Which Himalayan forest supports Snow Leopards?
a) Alpine ✅
b) Thorny
c) Deciduous
d) Mangrove
👉 High-altitude cold forests.

48. Which global day is for environment awareness?
a) June 5 ✅
b) March 21
c) April 22
d) May 22
👉 World Environment Day.

49. Which forest tribe in Telangana depends on Nallamala?
a) Chenchus ✅
b) Todas
c) Nagas
d) Bhils
👉 Honey & firewood collection.

50. Which tree produces sandal oil (perfume)?
a) Sandalwood ✅
b) Pine
c) Neem
d) Sal
👉 Sandalwood oil is aromatic.

51. Which is the major threat to Himalayan forests?
a) Landslides ✅
b) Volcano
c) Tsunami
d) Earthquakes
👉 Caused by deforestation.

52. Which Indian NGO works for forests & wildlife?
a) WWF-India ✅
b) ICAR
c) ISRO
d) FSI
👉 Active in biodiversity conservation.

53. Which international programme gives carbon credits for forests?
a) REDD+ ✅
b) WTO
c) WHO
d) IMF
👉 UNFCCC forest mechanism.

54. Which Indian wetland is Ramsar site for migratory birds?
a) Chilika Lake ✅
b) Dal Lake
c) Hussain Sagar
d) Sambhar
👉 Odisha’s Chilika is largest brackish water lagoon.

55. Which tree is sacred and produces oxygen day & night?
a) Peepal ✅
b) Coconut
c) Pine
d) Mango
👉 Peepal is revered in India.

56. Which type of forest is found in the Rajasthan desert?
a) Thorny scrub ✅
b) Evergreen
c) Alpine
d) Mangrove
👉 Cactus, babool, and khejri grow here.

57. Which international day is for forests?
a) March 21 ✅
b) June 5
c) May 22
d) April 22
👉 Declared by UN.

58. Which forest in Odisha protects crocodiles?
a) Bhitarkanika ✅
b) Nallamala
c) Gir
d) Bandhavgarh
👉 Saltwater crocodile sanctuary.

59. Which global movement is for planting 1 trillion trees?
a) UNEP Trillion Tree Campaign ✅
b) SAARC Plan
c) WHO Mission
d) WTO
👉 Worldwide forest restoration goal.

60. Which tree product is used in incense sticks?
a) Bamboo ✅
b) Resin
c) Latex
d) Neem
👉 Bamboo = agarbattis.

61. Which Nobel laureate started the “Green Belt Movement”?
a) Wangari Maathai ✅
b) Greta Thunberg
c) Kailash Satyarthi
d) Malala
👉 Planted 30 million trees in Kenya.

62. Telangana’s Kinnerasani sanctuary protects:
a) Deer & Tigers ✅
b) Elephants
c) Lions
d) Rhinos
👉 Located in Khammam.

63. Which tree’s oil is used as an antiseptic?
a) Neem ✅
b) Pine
c) Sal
d) Eucalyptus
👉 Neem oil = medicinal.

64. Which forest is called “Earth’s Carbon Sink”?
a) Evergreen ✅
b) Mangrove
c) Thorny
d) Alpine
👉 Absorbs large CO₂.

65. Which international day is for biodiversity?
a) May 22 ✅
b) June 5
c) March 21
d) April 22
👉 UN day to protect biodiversity.

66. Which is India’s only lion habitat?
a) Gir, Gujarat ✅
b) Corbett
c) Kaziranga
d) Sundarbans
👉 Home of the Asiatic Lion.

67. Which state has the highest mangrove cover in India?
a) West Bengal ✅
b) Gujarat
c) Odisha
d) Andhra Pradesh
👉 Sundarbans → WB.

68. Which forest type is found in the Ladakh region?
a) Alpine ✅
b) Mangrove
c) Evergreen
d) Scrub
👉 High altitude.

69. Which product from forests is used in medicines & varnishes?
a) Resin ✅
b) Bamboo
c) Latex
d) Fibre
👉 Resin = medicinal & industrial use.

70. Which programme was launched for climate-friendly afforestation?
a) Green India Mission ✅
b) Van Mahotsav
c) Save Rivers
d) Haritha Vanam
👉 National afforestation scheme.

71. Which sanctuary is spread across AP & Telangana?
a) Nagarjuna Sagar – Srisailam ✅
b) Corbett
c) Gir
d) Kaziranga
👉 Largest tiger reserve.

72. Which initiative in Hyderabad grows Miyawaki forests?
a) Urban Forestry ✅
b) REDD+
c) WWF-India
d) Save Rivers
👉 Mini-forests inside cities.

73. Which global day celebrates “Earth Hour”?
a) Last Saturday of March ✅
b) June 5
c) April 22
d) May 22
👉 Lights off for 1 hour → awareness.

74. Which Indian state faced a massive forest fire in 2016?
a) Uttarakhand ✅
b) WB
c) Kerala
d) Odisha
👉 Pine forests destroyed.

75. Which initiative provides LPG to reduce forest firewood?
a) PM Ujjwala Yojana ✅
b) PM-Kisan
c) Jal Jeevan
d) Swachh Bharat
👉 Reduced fuelwood cutting.

76. Which scheme of India protects tigers?
a) Project Tiger ✅
b) Project Lion
c) Save Rhino
d) Green Mission
👉 Started 1973.

77. Which Indian animal is critically endangered & depends on grasslands?
a) Great Indian Bustard ✅
b) Elephant
c) Lion
d) Leopard
👉 Protected in Rollapadu.

78. Which tree is used for “sacred groves” in Meghalaya?
a) Sacred Fig (Ficus) ✅
b) Mango
c) Sal
d) Pine
👉 Conserved by tribal beliefs.

79. Which community sacrificed lives in Rajasthan for trees?
a) Bishnoi ✅
b) Chenchus
c) Todas
d) Bhils
👉 Khejarli Massacre (1730).

80. Which programme provides carbon trading for forests?
a) REDD+ ✅
b) WTO
c) IMF
d) UNESCO
👉 Payment for reducing deforestation.

81. Which forest product is used in the tyre industry?
a) Latex ✅
b) Resin
c) Gum
d) Fibre
👉 Rubber = tyres.

82. Which forest in Andhra Pradesh is famous for red sanders?
a) Seshachalam ✅
b) Nallamala
c) Coringa
d) Rollapadu
👉 Red sanders are endemic to AP.

83. Which is the largest delta mangrove in the world?
a) Sundarbans ✅
b) Godavari Delta
c) Mekong Delta
d) Amazon Delta
👉 UNESCO site.

84. Which product from neem & sal trees is gum used for?
a) Medicines & adhesives ✅
b) Tyres
c) Perfumes
d) Metals
👉 Forest gums.

85. Which country leads in deforestation?
a) Brazil ✅
b) Russia
c) India
d) China
👉 Amazon deforestation.

86. Which sanctuary is in Odisha for turtles?
a) Gahirmatha ✅
b) Coringa
c) Kaziranga
d) Gir
👉 Olive Ridley turtles.

87. Which Indian city pioneered the urban forest Miyawaki model?
a) Hyderabad ✅
b) Delhi
c) Mumbai
d) Lucknow
👉 Urban afforestation.

88. Which international agreement focuses on biodiversity?
a) Rio Summit 1992 ✅
b) Paris 2015
c) Kyoto 1997
d) Montreal 1987
👉 Earth Summit in Rio.

89. Which biosphere reserve in India is UNESCO heritage?
a) Nilgiri ✅
b) Gir
c) Amrabad
d) Sundarbans
👉 Nilgiri recognised in 1986.

90. Which day is “Earth Day”?
a) April 22 ✅
b) June 5
c) May 22
d) March 21
👉 Global Earth awareness.

91. Which Telangana sanctuary is home to Blackbuck?
a) Rollapadu ✅
b) Nallamala
c) Coringa
d) Kinnerasani
👉 Protects bustards & blackbucks.

92. Which forest absorbs monsoon rains in South India?
a) Western Ghats Evergreen ✅
b) Mangroves
c) Thorny scrub
d) Alpine
👉 Causes high biodiversity

93. Which Indian tree is called “Green Gold”?
a) Teak
b) Bamboo ✅
c) Sal
d) Neem
👉 Bamboo is used in paper, furniture, and handicrafts → highly valuable.

94. Which forest type is common in the Eastern Ghats?
a) Deciduous ✅
b) Alpine
c) Mangrove
d) Evergreen
👉 Eastern Ghats receive moderate rainfall → deciduous forests dominate.

95. Which tree provides oil used in soaps and candles?
a) Mahua ✅
b) Mango
c) Pine
d) Neem
👉 Mahua oil is used in soap making, tribal food, and medicines.

96. Which act banned hunting and protects wildlife in India?
a) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 ✅
b) Biodiversity Act, 2002
c) Forest Act, 1980
d) Mines Act
👉 Provides legal protection to animals, sanctuaries, and parks.

97. Which is the main reason for man–animal conflict in India?
a) Overgrazing
b) Deforestation ✅
c) Floods
d) Tourism
👉 Habitat loss pushes animals into villages.

98. Which global programme encourages tree planting by students?
a) Eco-clubs ✅
b) REDD+
c) UNFCCC
d) WHO
👉 Indian schools run eco-clubs for plantation drives.

99. Which forest is called “lungs of Hyderabad”?
a) KBR Park ✅
b) Pocharam Sanctuary
c) Nallamala
d) Coringa
👉 KBR Park in Jubilee Hills protects biodiversity in the city.

100. Which Indian river island has the world’s largest riverine forest?
a) Majuli (Assam) ✅
b) Srirangam (Tamil Nadu)
c) Divar (Goa)
d) Bhavani (Kerala)
👉 Majuli island has riverine & wetland forests.

101. Which international campaign urges youth to fight climate change?
a) Fridays for Future ✅
b) Kyoto Protocol
c) REDD+
d) WWF Mission
👉 Greta Thunberg started this, strongly linked to forest conservation.

102. Which tree product is used in Ayurveda as a coolant?
a) Sandalwood ✅
b) Neem
c) Teak
d) Pine
👉 Sandalwood paste is used for cooling and medicinal treatments.

103. Which Indian state has the maximum tiger reserves?
a) Madhya Pradesh ✅
b) Maharashtra
c) Karnataka
d) Rajasthan
👉 Madhya Pradesh is called the “Tiger State of India”.

104. Which movement protested against uranium mining in forests?
a) Save Nallamala ✅
b) Chipko
c) Bishnoi
d) Appiko
👉 Local people opposed mining in Nallamala forests, Telangana.

105. Which is the most urban-friendly plantation method?
a) Miyawaki Forests ✅
b) Monocropping
c) Shifting cultivation
d) Agroforestry
👉 Miyawaki creates dense mini-forests inside cities.

106. Which international organisation publishes State of the World’s Forests?
a) FAO (Food & Agriculture Organisation) ✅
b) WHO
c) UNESCO
d) UNEP
👉 FAO compiles forest statistics globally.

107. Which Indian programme focuses on joint management with locals?
a) Joint Forest Management (JFM) ✅
b) Haritha Haram
c) Van Mahotsav
d) Green India Mission
👉 Involves villagers in forest protection.

108. Which famous leader supported the Chipko Movement?
a) Sunderlal Bahuguna ✅
b) Baba Amte
c) Medha Patkar
d) M.S. Swaminathan
👉 Environmentalist who spread Chipko globally.

109. Which forest provides cork for bottles?
a) Oak forests ✅
b) Bamboo
c) Teak
d) Neem
👉 Oak bark is the source of cork.

110. Which international day is on Sept 16 related to the atmosphere?
a) World Ozone Day ✅
b) World Environment Day
c) World Forest Day
d) Earth Day
👉 Protecting ozone indirectly protects forests and ecosystems.

111. Which forests dominate the Andaman & Nicobar Islands?
a) Tropical Evergreen ✅
b) Alpine
c) Thorny
d) Scrub
👉 Heavy rainfall & humidity → evergreen forests.

112. Which is the major threat to the Sundarbans mangroves?
a) Rising sea levels ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Snowfall
d) Overhunting
👉 Climate change is submerging mangroves.

113. Which project was launched in 1992 to protect elephants?
a) Project Elephant ✅
b) Project Tiger
c) Save Bustard
d) Green India
👉 Provides corridors & protection for elephants.

114. Which Indian sanctuary is famous for Olive Ridley turtles?
a) Gahirmatha (Odisha) ✅
b) Kaziranga
c) Gir
d) Periyar
👉 World’s largest nesting ground.

115. Which traditional tribal practice leads to deforestation?
a) Podu / Jhum cultivation ✅
b) Terrace farming
c) Plantation
d) Organic farming
👉 Slash & burn farming reduces forest cover.

116. Which is India’s largest biosphere reserve?
a) Nilgiri ✅
b) Nanda Devi
c) Seshachalam
d) Sundarbans
👉 Covers TN, Kerala, Karnataka.

117. Which international day is linked with climate & forests?
a) UN Day – Oct 24 ✅
b) Republic Day
c) Independence Day
d) Children’s Day
👉 UN Day includes climate & biodiversity action.

118. Which type of forest dominates Telangana?
a) Tropical Dry Deciduous ✅
b) Alpine
c) Thorny desert
d) Evergreen
👉 Telangana forests are mostly dry deciduous.

119. Which Indian scheme plants trees along highways?
a) Green Highways Policy ✅
b) PM-Kisan
c) NHAI Corridor Mission
d) Save Rivers Mission
👉 Trees reduce pollution and provide shade.

120. Which practice is best for forest conservation?
a) Sustainable use ✅
b) Overgrazing
c) Deforestation
d) Mining
👉 Balance between use & protect

Story of Microorganisms–2

1. The antibiotic penicillin was discovered by:
a) Robert Koch
b) Alexander Fleming ✅
c) Louis Pasteur
d) Edward Jenner
👉 Explanation: Fleming discovered Penicillin in 1929 from the fungus Penicillium notatum.

2. The fungus used in the discovery of penicillin is:
a) Aspergillus
b) Rhizopus
c) Penicillium notatum ✅
d) Saccharomyces
👉 Explanation: Penicillium notatum released a substance that inhibits bacterial growth.

3. Dr. Yellapragada Subba Rao is famous for the discovery of:
a) Penicillin
b) Aureomycin ✅
c) Erythromycin
d) Streptomycin
👉 Explanation: Aureomycin (tetracycline) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

4. The vaccine gives protection by stimulating:
a) Hormones
b) Antibodies ✅
c) Enzymes
d) Blood cells
👉 Explanation: Vaccines help the body produce antibodies to fight infections.

5. The first vaccine discovered was for:
a) Malaria
b) Smallpox ✅
c) Polio
d) Tuberculosis
👉 Explanation: Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine in 1796.

6. The word “vaccine” is derived from:
a) Latin word “vacca” meaning cow ✅
b) Greek word for virus
c) French word for disease
d) German word for medicine
👉 Explanation: Jenner used cowpox virus for vaccination, hence the term “vaccine”.

7. The oral polio vaccine was developed by:
a) Jonas Salk
b) Albert Sabin ✅
c) Louis Pasteur
d) Fleming
👉 Explanation: Sabin developed an oral vaccine in 1957, Salk introduced an injectable vaccine earlier.

8. Bacteria causing tuberculosis:
a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis ✅
b) Salmonella typhi
c) Vibrio cholerae
d) E. coli
👉 Explanation: TB mainly affects the lungs.

9. Malaria is transmitted by:
a) Culex mosquito
b) Female Anopheles mosquito ✅
c) Aedes mosquito
d) Sandfly
👉 Explanation: Female Anopheles transmits Plasmodium protozoa.

10. Ronald Ross got the Nobel Prize for the discovery of:
a) Virus of rabies
b) Malaria parasite transmission ✅
c) Polio vaccine
d) Penicillin
👉 Explanation: In 1902, Ross proved that malaria spreads through the Anopheles mosquito.

11. Which disease can be prevented by BCG vaccine?
a) Cholera
b) Tuberculosis ✅
c) Polio
d) Malaria
👉 Explanation: BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine protects against TB.

12. Which method preserves milk by heating to 70°C and quickly cooling?
a) Sterilisation
b) Pasteurisation ✅
c) Refrigeration
d) Canning
👉 Explanation: Pasteurisation kills harmful microbes, keeps nutrients intact.

13. Which microorganism causes Typhoid fever?
a) Salmonella typhi ✅
b) Vibrio cholerae
c) Streptococcus
d) Plasmodium
👉 Explanation: Spread through contaminated water/food.

14. Which microorganism causes Hepatitis B?
a) Bacterium
b) Virus ✅
c) Fungus
d) Protozoa
👉 Explanation: Hepatitis B virus damages life.

15. Japanese Encephalitis spreads by:
a) Houseflies
b) Mosquito ✅
c) Dogs
d) Birds
👉 Explanation: JE is mosquito-borne viral brain infection.

16. COVID-19 vaccine works on the principle of:
a) Antibiotics
b) Antibodies production ✅
c) Hormones
d) Enzymes
👉 Explanation: Vaccines stimulate immune system to produce antibodies.

17. Which disease was eradicated worldwide through vaccination?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Smallpox ✅
c) Polio
d) Hepatitis
👉 Explanation: WHO declared smallpox eradicated in 1980.

18. Which insect is called a “vector” for dengue?
a) Anopheles mosquito
b) Aedes aegypti ✅
c) Culex mosquito
d) Sandfly
👉 Explanation: Aedes spreads dengue, chikungunya, Zika.

19. Which microorganism causes food poisoning called “botulism”?
a) Salmonella
b) Clostridium botulinum ✅
c) E. coli
d) Bacillus anthracis
👉 Explanation: Produces deadly toxins in food.

20. Which one is a communicable disease?
a) Diabetes
b) Cholera ✅
c) Cancer
d) Asthma
👉 Explanation: Cholera spreads by contaminated food/water.

21. Why are vaccines more useful than antibiotics?
a) Cure all diseases
b) Prevent diseases ✅
c) Work on viruses
d) Produce energy
👉 Explanation: Vaccines prevent infection; antibiotics treat bacterial diseases.

22. Why must polio drops be given to children?
a) Increase weight
b) Protect from viral infection ✅
c) Kill bacteria
d) Provide nutrition
👉 Explanation: Oral vaccine prevents poliomyelitis.

23. Which preventive step reduces malaria cases?
a) Washing vegetables
b) Spraying insecticides ✅
c) Boiling milk
d) Refrigeration
👉 Explanation: Vector control prevents spread of mosquito-borne diseases.

24. Which microorganism is useful in soil fertility?
a) Rhizobium ✅
b) Vibrio
c) Aspergillus
d) Plasmodium
👉 Explanation: Rhizobium fixes atmospheric nitrogen.

25. Which preventive measure controls cholera?
a) Using mosquito nets
b) Boiled safe drinking water ✅
c) Antibiotic cream
d) Vaccination only
👉 Explanation: Cholera spreads via contaminated water.

26. Who discovered the smallpox vaccine in 1796?

a) Louis Pasteur
b) Edward Jenner ✅
c) Alexander Fleming
d) Ronald Ross
👉 Explanation: Edward Jenner developed the world’s first vaccine (smallpox) using cowpox virus.

27. Oral drops given to prevent polio in children are an example of:

a) Antibiotic
b) Vaccine ✅
c) Vitamin
d) Hormone
👉 Explanation: Vaccines prevent diseases by creating immunity; oral polio vaccine is given in drops.

28. The invention of pasteurisation is credited to:

a) Alexander Fleming
b) Louis Pasteur ✅
c) Edward Jenner
d) Koch
👉 Explanation: Pasteurisation involves heating milk/wine to kill harmful microorganisms.

29. Who invented the Anthrax vaccine?

a) Pasteur ✅
b) Fleming
c) Jenner
d) Sabin
👉 Explanation: Louis Pasteur developed Anthrax vaccine for animals.

30. Dr. Yellapragada Subba Rao belonged to:

a) Tamil Nadu
b) Andhra Pradesh ✅
c) Karnataka
d) Kerala
👉 Explanation: He was from West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh and discovered Aureomycin.

31. Which vaccine is given at birth to protect from Tuberculosis?

a) BCG ✅
b) Polio
c) Smallpox
d) Hepatitis
👉 Explanation: BCG vaccine (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is given soon after birth.

32. Jonas Salk is known for developing:

a) Injectable Polio vaccine ✅
b) Oral Polio vaccine
c) Smallpox vaccine
d) Rabies vaccine
👉 Explanation: Salk developed the first inactivated polio vaccine in 1952.

33. The weakened microorganisms injected into our body as vaccines are called:

a) Pathogens
b) Attenuated microbes ✅
c) Protozoa
d) Antibiotics
👉 Explanation: Attenuated microbes are weakened forms of pathogens used for immunity.

34. Which disease is prevented by vaccination at an early age?

a) Cancer
b) Polio ✅
c) Diabetes
d) Asthma
👉 Explanation: Vaccination prevents polio in children by developing immunity.

35. The scientist who showed that mosquitoes carry malaria parasite was:

a) Fleming
b) Edward Jenner
c) Ronald Ross ✅
d) Sabin
👉 Explanation: Ronald Ross discovered that female Anopheles mosquito spreads malaria (1902).

36. Which of the following is NOT a viral disease?

a) Measles
b) Rabies
c) Tuberculosis ✅
d) Polio
👉 Explanation: TB is bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), not viral.

37. Chickenpox spreads through:

a) Mosquito bites
b) Air/contact ✅
c) Contaminated food
d) Water
👉 Explanation: Chickenpox virus spreads via droplets or direct contact.

38. Which one is a bacterial disease?

a) Malaria
b) Polio
c) Cholera ✅
d) Measles
👉 Explanation: Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae.

39. Which one is a protozoan disease?

a) Tuberculosis
b) Malaria ✅
c) Influenza
d) Polio
👉 Explanation: Malaria is caused by protozoan Plasmodium.

40. Which preventive measure controls malaria?

a) Antibiotics
b) Vaccination
c) Use of mosquito nets ✅
d) Boiling milk
👉 Explanation: Malaria can be prevented by controlling mosquitoes.

41. The term “antibiotic” means:

a) Against animals
b) Against life (microbes) ✅
c) For vitamins
d) For immunity
👉 Explanation: “Anti” = against, “bios” = life; antibiotics kill or stop growth of microbes.

42. Which of these is NOT a mode of transmission of communicable diseases?

a) Air
b) Water
c) Contact
d) Genetic ✅
👉 Explanation: Communicable diseases spread through air, water, or contact, but not through heredity.

43. Which microorganism is used in production of tetracycline (Aureomycin)?

a) Bacteria ✅
b) Virus
c) Fungus
d) Protozoa
👉 Explanation: Aureomycin is an antibiotic produced from bacteria.

44. Which one of the following diseases spreads through contaminated food and water?

a) Cholera ✅
b) Rabies
c) Measles
d) Malaria
👉 Explanation: Cholera spreads via contaminated water and food.

45. Which microorganism helps in yoghurt (curd) formation?

a) Penicillium
b) Lactobacillus ✅
c) Rhizobium
d) Yeast
👉 Explanation: Lactobacillus bacteria convert milk sugar (lactose) into lactic acid.

46. The causative organism of Polio is:

a) Virus ✅
b) Bacteria
c) Protozoa
d) Fungus
👉 Explanation: Poliomyelitis is caused by Poliovirus.

47. Which disease spreads by female Anopheles mosquito?

a) Dengue
b) Malaria ✅
c) Chikungunya
d) Filariasis
👉 Explanation: Malaria parasite (Plasmodium) is carried by female Anopheles.

48. Which is an example of zoonotic disease?

a) Polio
b) Rabies ✅
c) Cholera
d) Tuberculosis
👉 Explanation: Rabies spreads from dogs/animals to humans.

49. Which is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis B?

a) Mosquito bite
b) Unsafe blood transfusion ✅
c) Air
d) Food
👉 Explanation: Hepatitis B spreads through blood contact, unsafe injections, sexual contact.

50. Which scientist proved that microorganisms can spoil food and wine?

a) Pasteur ✅
b) Fleming
c) Jenner
d) Koch
👉 Explanation: Louis Pasteur studied wine
spoilage and proved microbes cause fermentation and diseases.
51. Which vaccine was the first to be developed in the world?

a) Polio
b) Smallpox ✅
c) Rabies
d) Tuberculosis
👉 Explanation: Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine (against smallpox) in 1796.

52. The weakened or killed microorganisms used in vaccines are called:

a) Antibiotics
b) Pathogens
c) Attenuated microbes ✅
d) Viruses
👉 Explanation: Attenuated (weakened) microbes stimulate immunity without causing disease.

53. Which microorganism causes Tuberculosis (TB)?

a) Virus
b) Bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) ✅
c) Fungus
d) Protozoa
👉 Explanation: TB is a bacterial disease mainly affecting the lungs.

54. The causative organism of Measles is:

a) Bacteria
b) Virus ✅
c) Protozoa
d) Fungus
👉 Explanation: Measles is a viral disease that spreads through air.

55. Which microorganism causes Typhoid?

a) Salmonella typhi (Bacteria) ✅
b) Hepatitis virus
c) Plasmodium
d) Yeast
👉 Explanation: Typhoid spreads through contaminated water and food.

56. Which preventive measure is most effective against Cholera?

a) Boiling water ✅
b) Vaccination
c) Antibiotics
d) Vitamin tablets
👉 Explanation: Clean drinking water and sanitation prevent cholera outbreaks.

57. Which scientist discovered the role of female Anopheles mosquito in spreading Malaria?

a) Edward Jenner
b) Ronald Ross ✅
c) Louis Pasteur
d) Koch
👉 Explanation: Ronald Ross proved in 1902 that malaria is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito.

58. Which microorganism causes Hepatitis B?

a) Fungus
b) Protozoa
c) Virus ✅
d) Bacteria
👉 Explanation: Hepatitis B virus damages the liver and spreads through blood.

59. Which protozoan causes Amoebic Dysentery?

a) Giardia
b) Entamoeba histolytica ✅
c) Trypanosoma
d) Plasmodium
👉 Explanation: Amoebic dysentery is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, spread through contaminated water.

60. Which disease is caused by Trypanosoma?

a) Sleeping sickness ✅
b) Malaria
c) Typhoid
d) Polio
👉 Explanation: Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma, spread by tsetse fly.

61. Which virus causes Rabies?

a) Poliovirus
b) Rhabdovirus ✅
c) Poxvirus
d) Hepatitis virus
👉 Explanation: Rabies virus belongs to the Rhabdovirus group and spreads through dog bites.

62. Which disease is caused by Plasmodium?

a) Polio
b) Malaria ✅
c) Leprosy
d) Hepatitis
👉 Explanation: Malaria is caused by protozoan Plasmodium, transmitted by Anopheles mosquito.

63. Which of the following diseases is spread by houseflies?

a) Typhoid ✅
b) Rabies
c) Malaria
d) Chickenpox
👉 Explanation: Houseflies carry germs from garbage and spread typhoid and cholera.

64. What are communicable diseases?

a) Genetic diseases
b) Diseases spread from one person to another ✅
c) Deficiency diseases
d) Mental diseases
👉 Explanation: Diseases like TB, polio, cholera are communicable because they spread through contact, air, or water.

65. Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae?

a) Tuberculosis
b) Leprosy ✅
c) Pneumonia
d) Polio
👉 Explanation: Leprosy is a chronic bacterial infection affecting skin and nerves.

66. Who got Nobel Prize for discovery of malaria transmission?

a) Ronald Ross ✅
b) Fleming
c) Jenner
d) Pasteur
👉 Explanation: Ronald Ross was awarded Nobel Prize in 1902 for malaria research.

67. Which microorganism is used for production of antibiotics like Penicillin?

a) Bacteria
b) Fungi ✅
c) Virus
d) Protozoa
👉 Explanation: Penicillin is obtained from the fungus Penicillium notatum.

68. Which virus causes AIDS?

a) HIV ✅
b) HBV
c) Influenza virus
d) Polio virus
👉 Explanation: AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

69. Which disease spreads through mosquito bites other than malaria?

a) Measles
b) Dengue ✅
c) Typhoid
d) Tuberculosis
👉 Explanation: Dengue spreads by Aedes aegypti mosquito.

70. Which one is a non-communicable disease?

a) Polio
b) Cancer ✅
c) Cholera
d) Malaria
👉 Explanation: Cancer is not spread from person to person, hence non-communicable.

71. Which virus caused the global pandemic COVID-19?

a) Influenza virus
b) Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) ✅
c) HIV
d) Polio virus
👉 Explanation: COVID-19 pandemic was caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

72. Which bacteria are used in making curd from milk?

a) Rhizobium
b) Lactobacillus ✅
c) Salmonella
d) Vibrio
👉 Explanation: Lactobacillus converts lactose into lactic acid, curdling the milk.

73. Which of the following is NOT spread through air?

a) Tuberculosis
b) Measles
c) Malaria ✅
d) Chickenpox
👉 Explanation: Malaria spreads through mosquito bites, not air.

74. Which microorganism is used in the preparation of antibiotics like Streptomycin and Erythromycin?

a) Actinomycetes (Bacteria) ✅
b) Algae
c) Virus
d) Protozoa
👉 Explanation: Actinomycete bacteria produce several antibiotics.

75. Which scientist is associated with discovery of Rabies vaccine?

a) Louis Pasteur ✅
b) Fleming
c) Jenner
d) Koch
👉 Explanation: Louis Pasteur developed the Rabies vaccine through experiments on dogs.

76. The scientist who discovered Penicillin was:

a) Edward Jenner
b) Alexander Fleming ✅
c) Louis Pasteur
d) Ronald Ross
👉 Explanation: In 1929, Fleming discovered Penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum, the first true antibiotic.

77. Dr. Yellapragada Subba Rao discovered:

a) Penicillin
b) Aureomycin ✅
c) Rabies vaccine
d) Polio vaccine
👉 Explanation: He discovered Aureomycin (a tetracycline antibiotic) used for treating diseases like Typhoid and Tuberculosis.

78. Which disease is prevented by polio drops?

a) Typhoid
b) Polio ✅
c) Tuberculosis
d) Malaria
👉 Explanation: Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) prevents poliomyelitis, a viral disease that can cause paralysis.

79. Who discovered oral polio vaccine?

a) Jonas Salk
b) Albert Sabin ✅
c) Edward Jenner
d) Robert Koch
👉 Explanation: Jonas Salk discovered the injectable polio vaccine (1952), while Albert Sabin developed the oral vaccine (1957).

80. Smallpox vaccine was discovered by:

a) Louis Pasteur
b) Edward Jenner ✅
c) Alexander Fleming
d) Robert Hooke
👉 Explanation: Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine in 1796 using cowpox virus.

81. Which year did Ronald Ross discover malaria parasite in mosquitoes?

a) 1796
b) 1902 ✅
c) 1929
d) 1957
👉 Explanation: Ronald Ross identified Plasmodium in female Anopheles mosquitoes in 1902, winning the Nobel Prize.

82. Which microorganism is used in the production of antibiotics like Streptomycin?

a) Algae
b) Actinomycetes ✅
c) Viruses
d) Yeast
👉 Explanation: Actinomycete bacteria produce Streptomycin, which is effective against TB.

83. Which microorganism is used to make bread soft and fluffy?

a) Bacteria
b) Yeast ✅
c) Virus
d) Protozoa
👉 Explanation: Yeast ferments sugar, producing CO₂ that makes bread rise.

84. Which disease is caused by Salmonella bacteria?

a) Cholera
b) Typhoid ✅
c) Polio
d) AIDS
👉 Explanation: Salmonella typhi causes Typhoid fever, spreading through contaminated food and water.

85. Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

a) Malaria
b) Tuberculosis ✅
c) Measles
d) Polio
👉 Explanation: TB mainly affects the lungs and spreads through air.

86. Which viral disease has been completely eradicated worldwide?

a) Polio
b) Smallpox ✅
c) Measles
d) Dengue
👉 Explanation: WHO declared smallpox eradicated in 1980 after worldwide vaccination.

87. Which microorganism is responsible for AIDS?

a) Polio virus
b) HIV ✅
c) Hepatitis virus
d) Influenza virus
👉 Explanation: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks immune system, causing AIDS.

88. Pasteurisation is used to kill microorganisms in:

a) Vegetables
b) Milk ✅
c) Meat
d) Water
👉 Explanation: Pasteurisation involves heating milk to 70°C for 15–30 sec, then cooling rapidly.

89. Who discovered pasteurisation?

a) Alexander Fleming
b) Louis Pasteur ✅
c) Edward Jenner
d) Ronald Ross
👉 Explanation: Louis Pasteur invented pasteurisation to prevent spoilage of wine and milk.

90. Food poisoning due to Clostridium botulinum is called:

a) Tuberculosis
b) Botulism ✅
c) Typhoid
d) Polio
👉 Explanation: Botulism is a severe food poisoning caused by toxins of Clostridium botulinum.

91. Which microorganism causes Malaria?

a) Amoeba
b) Plasmodium ✅
c) Salmonella
d) Vibrio
👉 Explanation: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium protozoa transmitted by Anopheles mosquito.

92. Which mosquito spreads Dengue fever?

a) Anopheles
b) Aedes aegypti ✅
c) Culex
d) Housefly
👉 Explanation: Dengue fever is spread by Aedes aegypti mosquito, also responsible for chikungunya.

93. Which microorganism is used in preparation of wine?

a) Virus
b) Yeast ✅
c) Protozoa
d) Algae
👉 Explanation: Yeast ferments sugar into alcohol and CO₂, used in wine and beer production.

94. Which microorganism helps in biological nitrogen fixation in soil?

a) Rhizobium ✅
b) Salmonella
c) E. coli
d) Amoeba
👉 Explanation: Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in legume root nodules.

95. Which disease is caused by Vibrio cholerae?

a) Malaria
b) Cholera ✅
c) Typhoid
d) Leprosy
👉 Explanation: Cholera spreads through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhoea.

96. Which microorganism is used in the production of curd?

a) Yeast
b) Lactobacillus ✅
c) Salmonella
d) E. coli
👉 Explanation: Lactobacillus converts lactose into lactic acid, curdling the milk.

97. Which scientist discovered Rabies vaccine?

a) Robert Koch
b) Louis Pasteur ✅
c) Alexander Fleming
d) Ronald Ross
👉 Explanation: Louis Pasteur developed rabies vaccine through experiments on animals.

98. Which of the following is a viral disease?

a) Tuberculosis
b) Typhoid
c) Polio ✅
d) Cholera
👉 Explanation: Polio is caused by Poliovirus and spreads through contaminated water.

99. Which bacterial disease spreads through water and food contamination?

a) Tuberculosis
b) Typhoid ✅
c) AIDS
d) Malaria
👉 Explanation: Typhoid spreads via contaminated water, milk, and food.

100. Which preventive measure is effective against Malaria?

a) Using mosquito nets ✅
b) Boiling milk
c) Wearing gloves
d) Taking antibiotics
👉 Explanation: Preventing mosquito bites by nets and repellents is the best malaria control method.